???????? ??????
???
????? ??????
?
???? ?????
?
?????
.
???? ???? ????? ?????
?? ????
?? ???
???? ????
???????, ?-80 ?"? ?????? ?
??? ???
??-150 ?"? ?????? ?
????
.
???? ??????
??? ??? 64,500
????
????????? ?? ?-5,348 ??????
[6]
. ??? ????? ????
1953
????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ????
1956
.
????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???. ????? ???? ???: "???? ????-???? ?????"
???? 1953 ???? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ???
???? ????
, ????
????
???????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ??????, ???? ??? ???????
[7]
[8]
.
?-
26 ????
1956
????? ????????? ???????? ?????, ??????
??? ??????
, ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?
???? ????
[9]
. ???? ???? ???? ??????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????
[10]
, ????? ???? ????? ??????
[11]
. ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????
?????
?
???
, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? (??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?
????
).
???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? 370 ?????? ???? 160 ?????, ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? 180 ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????
[12]
. ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
?????? ??????? ??? ????
, ??? ????? ?? ???
???? ???????
[13]
. ???? 1959 ????
???? ?????
?? ?????
[14]
:
- ”??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ... ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???"? ????? ?????? ??? 25 ?-35.”
???? ??? 1961 ????? ????? ????? ?? ?-80 ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???
[13]
???????????
, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
[15]
. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?
???? ??????
??
??????
, ??-
1972
??????? ?? ?-1,400 ?????? ??-300 ???? ???.
?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
???? ?????
??????? 1967, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ???? ?????
???? ????? ??? ????? ??????
?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?
????
?
???? ????
????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???. ??????
???? ???? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??????
????
????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????
????
???? ?????? ?????????? ??????.
????
1988
???? ???? ???? ?-3,000 ??????. ??? ????
1990
, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????.
????
2000
????? ????? ????
????? ????? ????
, ?????? ???
??? ???????
, ????? ?????? ?
??????
.
?-
2013
????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???
?????
???? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ????
[16]
.
??????? 2013 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????
[17]
.
?-
2018
????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ?-1,200 ?????? ????
[18]
.
??? ?????
????? ??????? ??????????
(???"?) ???? ???? ??????
2024
(?????), ???????? ????? ???? 5,308 ?????? (???? 225 ?
????? ?????? ??????? ??????
). ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? 1.6%. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?"? ?
???
?'???"?
(
2020
-
2021
) ??? 75.8%.
???? ?????? ??????
??
????
???? ???
2019
??? 6,463 ?"? (????? ????: 9,745 ?"?).
[19]
???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????:
????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????: ????? ???????? - ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?
???? ???????
, ?????
???????
, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??"? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???, ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????.
?????? ?????? "?????? ????" ???? ????
????? ????? ????
, ?????? ???
??? ???????
. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ???"? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? "???? ????". ??? ????? ?????? ???????
2023
, ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????"? ??????
[20]
.
???? ???"? ????? ????? ???? ????? "?? ????" ????? ????? (??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
[21]
). ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? "??????".
?????? ??????? ??
????? ????-?????
???? ?????? ???? 2006 ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????
[22]
[23]
.
?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??80 ?"? ????? ???? ??? ?-150 ?"? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?-850 ??? ??? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???. ?? ?-3,500 ???? ???? 64,500 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????. ???? ?-2017, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 714 ???. ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??.
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????- ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????
???
. ???? ?
???
?????? ??????? ??? ?-80 ?"?.
????? ????? ????
|
????
|
?????
|
??????
|
???
|
?????
|
???
|
????
|
????
|
??????
|
??????
|
???????
|
??????
|
?????
|
???????? ????? ????? ?????? (C°)
|
13.3
|
14.6
|
18.8
|
22.9
|
26.9
|
29.3
|
31
|
30.7
|
28.4
|
25.1
|
19.9
|
15.5
|
???????? ????? ?????? ?????? (C°)
|
6.6
|
6.9
|
8.8
|
11.8
|
15.4
|
17.6
|
19.7
|
19.3
|
17.6
|
15.5
|
12.2
|
8.7
|
?????? ??????? (?"?)
|
18.6
|
13.2
|
11.5
|
2.9
|
1.5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.1
|
4.1
|
5.7
|
11.6
|
????:
Israel Weather
|
????? ???? ???? ????? ???-??? ???????:
??? ??? ??????
"????", ??? ??? ?????? ??? "????", ??????? - ???? ??????-??????. ????? ??????
??? ??? ?? ????? "?????"
, ?????? ?????? ???? ????,
???????
??? ???? ????? ???? ????,
????? ??????? ???? ????
, ????? ?????
????? ????
??
????? ?????
????? ???? ???????. ?????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???.
??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????: ?? ?? ?????
????? ????? ??????
[24]
, ????
??? ?????
, ????? ??
????? ?????
. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????.
???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? 2011. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 18?40 ????????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ??????, ???? ???????. ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.
????? ??????? ????? ?????? "??????"
[25]
, ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?
???????
. ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???"??, ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????.
????? ????????, ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? - ???? ???? 2014 ???? 228 ???????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ??, ???? 2015 ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
??????????? ??????
????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ??, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? 2016 ???? ???? "??????????" - ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?-2016, 30 ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??"?- ????? ?????? ????. ??? ??"? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????.
"???? ?????" ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????- ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???-?????, ?????? ???????? (wellbeing). ??? ???? 2014 ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????, ????? ???, ????.
???? ?
?????
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ?????
???? ?????
(?????
???? ?-60
) ???? ?
????
???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
???? 40
????? ??? ??????.
????? ??, ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? "
????
" (????? ?? ?????? ?-2016). ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?
????????
?????.
???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ("???? ???? ??????") ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????, ??? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?"???? ???? ??????" ????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????.
???? 2004 ???? ?"???? ???? ??????" ???? ????? ???-
FARAN
, ?????? ???? ?-2015, ??20 ?????? ???????.
???? 2011 ???? ???? "??????" ?? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????
????
??????? ????? ?-2013 ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????-??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?-50 ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????-????.
???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 2016, ?? ??? ?
?????
?????? ?????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????: ?????? PA (????? ?????), ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????? 32 ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?-50 ????? ??? ????.
???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????-????.
????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????.
????? ????
?????
, ??????, ??? ???, ???"? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????, ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????. ?????? ??
??????
, "?????",
?????
????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???
2014
. ?????, ????
???? ????
????? (????????) ??? "???? ????".
???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??
???? ????
? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????
??????
?????? ??????. ?????? ????
???? ??????
???? ????
[26]
, ????? ?? ???? ????. ?????, ???? ???????? ????
2010
??? ??? ???
2012
, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???
?? ????
, ??? ????? ?? ?-40
????
????-???? ??????? ????? ????
?????
,
?????
,
???????
,
???????
,
??????
,
??????
????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????
???? ????
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?
????? ?????
.
???????
??? ???????
?????? ????? ??????
??????
????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ?? ??????
??????
,
?????? ????? ????
?????
??????
.
?????
???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
??? ????
?
????? ?????
, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
2012
???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????
[27]
.
????
2011
???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???
???? ??"?
, ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ??"? ????? ????. ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????
???? ??"? ?????? ? 770
??
??? ????
.
??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????
???? ???????
, ??????
????
?
??????
???? ???????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ??????
??? ??? ??? ?? ????
.
?-
24 ????
2013
?????
???? ?????? ???????
?? ?????? ??
???? ???? ????
?????? ??????.
????? ???? ????
???? ??????? ?? ?? ????
???? ????? ???? (?
??????
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???). ??? ???? ?
?????????? ?? ????
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (?-250).
?????? 2017 ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, '???????'- ???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????. ????? ???? ???? 2020 ???
???? ???????
[28]
.
??? ?????
???? ?-60
???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?
??????
????? "????? ???? ????" ???????? ?? ????
???? ?-80
, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?
???? ?'
. ??? ???? ?
??????
??????? ????? ??? "????? ???? ????" ?????
???? ?-70
?
???? ?'
. ???? ?-2017 ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????.
- ???? ????? ? 1957?1968
- ??? ??? ? 1969?1973
[29]
- ????? ????? ? 1974?1978
- ????? ??? ? 1978?1993
- ???? (???) ???? ? 1993?1998
- ???? ??? ? 1998?2003
- ???? (???) ???? ? 2003?2006
- ????? ????
? 2006?2013
- ???? ????
(???????) ? 2013? 2024
- ???? ????? - 2024- ????
- ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????
, ????
???? ???? ??????
- ???? ????
,
????? ????? ????
, ???? "
?????? ???????
", 7 ???? 2020
- ??? ???,
"??? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????? 4 ???? ????? ??? ????"
, ????
TheMarker
, 22 ???? 2020
- ??? ????,
???? ??? ?? ?????
, ???? "
?????? ???????
", 4 ????? 2020
- ???? ????
, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??
????? ???
- ??? ???? ???? ????, 1959
(????? ?????? ????? ???????), ???? ????? ?"? ??? ????,
??????? ???????
- ???? ???,
???? ???? ???? ????? ??????
, ????
????
, 16 ??????? 2023
- ^
1
2
????????? ?
??????
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?????? ????????
??
???????
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2024
(?????), ??? ??? ???????? - ???
???? ????? ?? ??"?
????
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2022
.
- ^
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4
5
????? ?????? ????
.
- ^
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: ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ??????.
???? ??? ??"?
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???? ??????? ??????
) ???? ?-??? ??????
2024
(?????).
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??????? ???
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????
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???? ???? 2019
- ^
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????????? ???????? ???? 2,000 ?????? ????? - ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2024
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- ^
?????? ??????? ???? ????,
?????? ????, ?? ???????
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?????????? ?????... ????
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?????
, 22 ??????, 1957, ??' 6
- ^
????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????
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- ^
????? ??,
???? ???? - ????? ????? ????
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- ^
???? ?????
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???? ?? ???? ????
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, 22 ????? 1957
- ^
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, 16 ????? 1961
- ^
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- ^
?. ????,
????????? ?????? ????
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- ^
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?????
, 26 ?????? 1962
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?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????
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