????? ?????

????	1924
?????	23 ??????? 2022 (???? 98 ????)
?????	????? ??????
??? ?????? ??? 1969 ? 1983 (??14 ????) → ???? ????? ??? ??-????? ←

????? ????? ( 1924 ^[1] ? 23 ??????? 2022 ) ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? 1969?1983.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? 1924 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????'??? ?????? ???????? , ?????? (???? ? ???????? ). ^[1] ???? 1940, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???? ??????? , ??? ???? ?????????, ?? ??? ?? ??? 1944. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? , ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ^[1]

?-1946 ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????, ??????? ? ?????? . ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? (????), ????? ????? ???"? ???????. ?????? ????? ^[1] ?????? ??? ???, ????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????"? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? 1948 ?????? ?????? " ???? " ?????? ???? ?????? " ???? ???? " ???? ?????. ???? ? ????? ????? , ?? ???? ? ????? ??????? . ???? ?????? ???"? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ^[1] ???? 1958 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????, ????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????.

??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ?? ???-???? ?????. ????? ??????, ^[1] ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ^[2]

????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ^[1]

??????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1969 ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? . ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? . ^[3] ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????, ^[4] ???? ???? ?-1974 ^[5] ??-1978. ^[6]

????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? 14 ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????. ???? 1973, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ^[7] ????? 1974, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????. ??????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????. ^[8] ???? 1978 ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????. ????? ??? 1980, ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ^[9]

???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? 1983, ???? ???, ???? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ??????. ^[10] ???? 1983, ????? ?????. ^{[11] [12]}

????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????????, ^[13] ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? . ^[14]

???? 2009, ???? ?? ????? "???? ?????? ???" ?? ?????. ^[13]

????? ????? ???? ?-23 ??????? 2022. ????? ????? ????? ??????.

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• ??? ?????, ???????? , ???? "??????"

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