Former British protected states in the Malay Peninsula
The term "
Unfederated Malay States
" (
Malay
:
Negeri-Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu
;
Jawi
:
????? ????? ???? ???????
) was the collective name given to five
British
protected states in the
Malay Peninsula
during the first half of the 20th century. These states were
Johor
,
Kedah
,
Kelantan
,
Perlis
, and
Terengganu
. In contrast with the four adjoining
Federated Malay States
of
Selangor
,
Perak
,
Pahang
, and
Negeri Sembilan
, the five Unfederated Malay States lacked common institutions, and did not form a single state in international law; they were in fact standalone British protectorates.
In 1946, the British colony of the
Straits Settlements
was dissolved.
Penang
and
Malacca
, which had formed a part of the
Straits Settlements
, were then grouped with the Unfederated Malay States and the
Federated Malay States
to form the
Malayan Union
. In 1948, the
Malayan Union
was reconstituted as a federation of eleven states known as the
Federation of Malaya
. Nine of the states of the new
Federation of Malaya
continued as
British Protected States
, while two of them,
Penang
and
Malacca
, remained as British colonies. The
Federation of Malaya
gained full independence from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1957.
History
[
edit
]
Johor
accepted a treaty of protection with the United Kingdom in 1885, and eventually succumbed to British pressure to accept a resident "Advisor" in 1914. Unlike the other Malay states under British protection, however, Johor remained outside of the Federated Malay States (formed in 1895).
Under the
Bangkok Treaty of 1909
,
Siam
transferred its rights over some of the northern Malay states (
Kelantan
,
Terengganu
,
Kedah
, and
Perlis
) to the United Kingdom.
[1]
These states then became
British Protected States
. With the assistance of
Japan
, they temporarily returned to
Thai jurisdiction
for the latter part of the
Second World War
.
Administration and language
[
edit
]
The chief officer of the British
colonial
administration was the "Advisor". In contrast with the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States enjoyed greater autonomy. The
de facto
official language of the Unfederated Malay States was
Malay
(written with the
Jawi script
).
References
[
edit
]
- ^
John Haywood (2002).
Historical Atlas of the 19th Century World 1783 ? 1914
. Barnes and Noble. p. 22.
ISBN
0-7607-3203-5
.
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Asia
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North America
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Oceania
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Antarctica and the South Atlantic
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- 23. Since 2009 part of
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
; Ascension Island (1922?) and Tristan da Cunha (1938?) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
- 24. Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
Antarctic Treaty
.
- 25. Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
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