1986 video game
This article is about the arcade game. For the album by Kavinsky, see
OutRun (album)
. For the music genre, see
Synthwave
.
1986 video game
Out Run
[a]
(also stylized as
OutRun
) is an arcade
driving video game
released by
Sega
in September 1986. It is known for its pioneering hardware and graphics,
nonlinear gameplay
, a selectable soundtrack with music composed by
Hiroshi Kawaguchi
, and the hydraulic
motion simulator
deluxe
arcade cabinet
. The goal is to avoid traffic and reach one of five destinations.
The game was designed by
Yu Suzuki
, who traveled to Europe to gain inspiration for the game's stages. Suzuki had a small team and only ten months to program the game, leaving him to do most of the work himself. The game was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-grossing
arcade game of 1987
worldwide as well as Sega's most successful arcade cabinet of the 1980s. It was ported to numerous video game consoles and home computers, becoming one of the
best-selling video games
at the time and selling millions of copies worldwide, and it spawned a number of sequels.
Out Run
is considered one of the most influential and
greatest games ever made
, cited as an influence upon numerous later video games, playing a role in the
arcade video game
industry's recovery, and providing the name for a
popular music genre
.
Gameplay
[
edit
]
Out Run
is a
pseudo-3D
driving video game
in which the player controls a
Ferrari Testarossa
convertible from a third-person rear perspective.
[6]
The camera is placed near the ground, simulating a Ferrari driver's position and limiting the player's view into the distance. The road curves, crests, and dips,
[4]
which increases the challenge by obscuring upcoming obstacles such as traffic that the player must avoid.
[7]
The object of the game is to reach the finish line against a timer.
[8]
The game world is divided into multiple stages that each end in a checkpoint, and reaching the end of a stage provides more time.
[9]
Near the end of each stage, the track forks to give the player a choice of routes leading to five final destinations.
[10]
The destinations represent different
difficulty levels
and each conclude with
their own ending scene
, among them the Ferrari breaking down or being presented a trophy.
[11]
Development
[
edit
]
During the mid-1980s, Sega experienced success in the arcades with games developed by
Yu Suzuki
.
Hang-On
was a good seller and
Enduro Racer
had been successful enough for Sega to consider a second production run. Both are motorcycle racing games, and
Out Run
was Suzuki's chance to develop a car racing game. His original concept was to base the game on the American film
The Cannonball Run
,
[11]
of which he was a fan.
[12]
[13]
He disliked racing games where cars exploded on impact, and wanted gamers to enjoy the experience of driving and to feel "superior".
[12]
Suzuki initially conceived the game's setting across the United States, and he requested to scout various locations there. According to Suzuki's boss, Youji Ishii, Sega president
Hayao Nakayama
believed the US was too unsafe, and suggested Europe as a safer option. Additionally, Suzuki concluded that the US was too "large and empty" for the game's design. He scouted Europe
[12]
for two weeks in a
BMW 520
for ideas.
[13]
This tour included
Frankfurt
,
Monaco
,
Rome
,
[12]
[13]
the
Swiss Alps
, the
French Riviera
,
Florence
,
[11]
and
Milan
.
[14]
While in Monaco, Suzuki was inspired to use the
Ferrari Testarossa
as the playable car in the game, so when he returned to Japan he arranged for his team to find and photograph one.
[12]
[13]
They took many photos of the car from every side and recorded the sound of the engine.
[14]
A small team of four programmers, a sound creator, and five graphic designers developed
Out Run
. Suzuki had to use only personnel that were available and not assigned to other projects at the time. As a result, Suzuki did most of the programming and planning himself, spending extra hours at the studio to complete development of the game within ten months.
[12]
He believed that the most difficult part of developing the game was to make it as fun as possible, which he achieved by emphasizing the design elements of wide roads, buildings, and a radio with soundtrack selection.
[11]
Four
cabinet
designs were released, all of which are equipped with a
steering wheel
, a
stick shift
, and
acceleration
and
brake
pedals. Two of the cabinet designs are upright, the larger of which has
force feedback
in the steering wheel. The other two models are sit-down
motion simulator
cabinets that resemble the in-game car and use a drive motor to move the main cabinet?turning and shaking according to the onscreen action. Both models feature stereo speakers mounted behind the driver's head.
[10]
[15]
The
arcade system board
made specifically for the game is the
Sega OutRun
, based on the
Sega System 16
.
[16]
Suzuki said that he was often unable to make games based on existing hardware and that Sega would have to create a new board. He said that his "designs were always 3D from the beginning. All the calculations in the system were 3D, even from
Hang-On
. I calculated the position, scale, and zoom rate in 3D and converted it backwards to
2D
. So I was always thinking in 3D".
[17]
The game achieves its 3D effects using a
sprite-scaling
technique called Super Scaler technology, as used one year earlier in
Hang-On
.
[16]
Released in September 1986,
[12]
Out Run
'
s fast sprite-scaling and 3D motion provide a smoother experience than other contemporary arcade games.
[16]
Suzuki also set about simulating car features that were previously lacking in earlier driving games, so that being a skillful driver in real life would translate to being skillful in the game. They simulated features such as
horsepower
,
torque
,
gear ratios
and
tire
engineering close to real cars. They also added
AI
assistance for features that were difficult to control, such as
drifting
. For the drifting, they added details such as, if the car's tires grip the road surface too closely, the car's handling becomes too twitchy, something that wasn't appreciated in earlier driving games.
[14]
Out Run
'
s original score was composed by
Hiroshi Kawaguchi
, who had previously composed
soundtracks
for other games designed by Suzuki, including
Hang-On
. The soundtrack is similar in style to
Latin
and
Caribbean music
. Three selectable tracks are featured: "Passing Breeze", "Splash Wave", and "Magical Sound Shower". An additional track, "Last Wave", plays at the final score screen.
[14]
[16]
Some of the game's audio samples were corrupted due to one of the master ROM chips failing, and the glitch was not noticed until Sega was preparing a soundtrack box-set for the game's 20th anniversary. The correct files were recovered from an
8-inch floppy disk
, and subsequent re-releases of the game use the fixed data.
[18]
Cassette tapes
of the arcade soundtrack were distributed in the United Kingdom during December 1987, both with the home computer conversions and with
Computer and Video Games
magazine.
[19]
The Mega Drive port has the music tracks from the arcade, along with one exclusive new track titled "Step On Beat" composed by Masayoshi Ishi.
[20]
Reception
[
edit
]
Reception of
Out Run
by video game system
Awards
Publication
| Award
|
---|
Golden Joystick Awards
| Game of the Year
, Arcade Game of the Year
[48]
|
Amusement Players Association's Players Choice Awards
| Best Visual Enhancement in a Video Game
[49]
|
Commercial performance
[
edit
]
In Japan,
Out Run
topped the
Game Machine
charts for upright/cockpit
arcade cabinets
in November 1986,
[50]
[51]
and remained at the top of the charts in December 1986.
[52]
[53]
It was Japan's highest-grossing upright/cockpit arcade game during the latter half of 1986,
[54]
[55]
and the overall seventh highest-grossing upright/cockpit
arcade game of 1986
.
[55]
Out Run
went on to become Japan's highest-grossing
arcade game of 1987
.
[56]
[55]
In North America, it topped the
RePlay
dedicated arcade game chart in February 1987,
[57]
and went on to become the highest-grossing arcade game of 1987 in the United States.
[58]
[59]
In the United Kingdom, the game topped
London
's Electrocoin arcade charts for several months in 1987, from February
[60]
[61]
through June,
[62]
[63]
and was the top arcade game of the year.
[64]
In Japan, it continued to rank among the annual highest-grossing dedicated arcade games for the next several years, ranking number three
in 1988
,
[65]
number five
in 1989
,
[66]
and number seven
in 1990
.
[67]
In Europe,
Out Run
was the most popular arcade game during the late 1980s.
[68]
Sega had sold 18,000
Out Run
arcade machines
worldwide by early 1987, including 3,500 units in Japan, 8,000 units in the United States, and 6,500 units in Europe and
Southeast Asia
.
[69]
By late 1987,
Out Run
had sold 20,000 units worldwide,
[70]
earning Sega over
$100 million
(
$280 million
adjusted for inflation) in arcade machine sales,
[71]
and becoming Sega's best-selling arcade cabinet of the 1980s.
[11]
By 1994, 30,000 cabinets had been sold worldwide.
[72]
Sega eventually surpassed
OutRun
'
s arcade sales with
Virtua Fighter
(1993) and
Virtua Fighter 2
(1994).
[73]
The
8-bit
computer game
ports published by
U.S. Gold
sold over 200,000 copies within two weeks of release in the United Kingdom,
[74]
and more than 250,000 by Christmas 1987,
[75]
[76]
topping the UK's Christmas 1987 chart.
[77]
Out Run
became the fastest-selling and
best-selling computer game
in the UK that year.
[27]
[29]
[76]
By early March 1988, it had sold over 350,000 copies, becoming the UK's all-time fastest-selling game up until then.
[78]
In May 1988, the Atari ST version of
Out Run
became the first ST title to top the UK all-formats chart.
[79]
The Atari ST version had sold over 25,000 copies in the UK by mid-1988.
[80]
Out Run
remained on the UK charts for several years. The budget price re-release from Kixx topped the all-formats chart in November 1990,
[81]
and the Commodore 64 version was at number two on the all-formats chart in March 1991.
[82]
It also topped the
PC Engine
charts during January?February 1991.
[83]
[84]
In 2020, it was revealed that
Out Run
is the second best-selling
Sega Ages
title in overseas markets outside of Japan (after
Sonic the Hedgehog
), especially in Europe.
[85]
As of 2021, the game's various home conversions have sold millions of copies worldwide.
[68]
Critical response and accolades
[
edit
]
Out Run
'
s arcade release received positive reviews and became one of the most popular arcade games of the year.
[10]
[27]
[86]
The game won the 1987
Golden Joystick Award
for Game of the Year, as well as for Arcade Game of the Year.
[48]
It also won "Best Visual Enhancement in a Video Game" at the 1986 Amusement Players Association's Players Choice Awards
.
[49]
Clare Edgeley reviewed the arcade game in both
Computer and Video Games
and in
Sinclair User
, praising the graphics and the element of danger in the gameplay as well as the hydraulic motion simulator cabinet.
[4]
[7]
Top Score
newsletter called it "the most enjoyable" and "realistic driving video game ever created" while praising its innovative simulator cabinet, detailed visuals and stereo soundtrack.
[47]
A review in
Commodore User
described it as "a great game for driving enthusiasts" and awarded it a score of 9 out of 10.
[87]
Gary Penn, writing for
Crash
called the game "highly polished" and praised the attention to detail.
[10]
In
Your Sinclair
, Peter Shaw praised its realism and described it as "the most frighteningly fast road race game" he had played.
[40]
Out Run
was ported to numerous home consoles and computers.
Computer and Video Games
praised the
Master System
release, with the writers concluding that it had "all the thrill power of the arcade version".
[25]
The Games Machine
gave the Master System version a score of 72%, stating that the Master System version came closest to the original coin-op.
[36]
Reviewers for
Dragon
described it as a "refreshing" game "that provides hours of entertainment".
[30]
Computer Gaming World
named it as the year's best arcade translation for Sega.
[88]
Reactions to the
16-bit
versions were generally positive. The
Atari ST
version (1988) was described by
Computer and Video Games
as "far from perfect", but that it came closer to the arcade original than the other ports.
[27]
The 1991
Sega Genesis
version also received positive reviews, scoring 90% from French gaming magazines
Joypad
and
Joystick
, as well as an 85% from Swedish magazine
Svenska Hemdatornytt
.
[33]
[34]
[46]
The reception for the 8-bit
personal computer
ports by
U.S. Gold
was mixed. The
ZX Spectrum
version received positive scores from
Your Sinclair
and
Sinclair User
.
[35]
[89]
Some reviewers at
Crash
expressed disappointment at the low quality in contrast to the arcade original.
[29]
The Games Machine
gave the Spectrum version a score of 61%, noting the machine's technical limitations in comparison to the Master System and
Commodore
systems.
[36]
The Commodore versions received positive to average reviews, though
Computer and Video Games
described the Commodore 64 port as "rushed". The
Amstrad CPC
port received a score of 8 out of 40 from
Computer and Video Games
, which described it as a "travesty",
[26]
and a 37% score from
Amstrad Action
where the reviewer considered it one of the worst arcade conversions ever.
[24]
Legacy
[
edit
]
Out Run
was followed by various sequels, including three arcade sequels
Turbo Out Run
(1989),
OutRunners
(1992) and
Out Run 2
(2003), and several non-arcade sequels including
Out Run 3-D
(1988) and
Out Run Europa
(1991).
[11]
Rad Mobile
(1991) is similar to
Out Run
.
[90]
A
conversion
of
Out Run
was under development by Hertz for the
Sharp X68000
but according to former Hertz employee Tsunetomo Sugawara, it was never released due to company management cancelling its development.
[91]
[92]
A
32X
version was also reportedly under development by Sega, but was never released.
[93]
Ports of the arcade game were released for
Nintendo 3DS
on March 12, 2015, and
Nintendo Switch
on January 9, 2019.
[94]
[95]
Former Sega arcade director Akira Nagai has credited
Out Run
and similar games for Sega's arcade success in the 1980s. According to Nagai, "
Out Run
, in particular, was really amazing for its time... Suzuki went on to make
After Burner
and a number of other games, but
Out Run
is still talked about with a special kind of wonder. With the
taikan
games, Sega's arcade business, which had been Sega's lowest performer in sales, gradually started to rise... For me personally,
Hang-On
and
Out Run
are my most memorable titles. They helped lift the arcade industry out of its slump, and created entirely new genres".
[73]
The game's title has been adopted as a name for the
synthwave
music genre, which is also known as "outrun" music, inspired by the game's soundtrack which is selectable in-game as well as the game's
1980s
aesthetic.
[96]
[68]
French musician
Kavinsky
named his debut album
OutRun
(2013) after the game.
[97]
The game has been listed among the
best games of all time
by
Next Generation
,
[98]
Retro Gamer
,
[99]
Stuff
,
[100]
Time
,
[101]
G4
,
[102]
Killer List Of Videogames
,
[103]
Yahoo!
,
[104]
and
NowGamer
.
[105]
In 2017,
GamesRadar+
ranked the game 31st on their "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time".
[106]
Writing in
1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die
, Joao Diniz Sanches praised
Out Run
'
s "unforgettable design and expertly tuned game balance", describing the game as "
the
consummate exhibit in an oversubscribed genre" and "one of the purest and most joyous experiences in video gaming".
[107]
In 2015,
Out Run
appeared at 4th place on
IGN
's list of The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever, behind
Pole Position
,
Gran Turismo
and
Virtua Racing
. According to Luke Reilly, traces of
Out Run
DNA can be found in series like
Test Drive
,
Need for Speed
,
Project Gotham Racing
and
Burnout
as well as modern racers like the
Forza Horizon
games and
DriveClub
.
[108]
According to Jacopo Prisco of
Wired UK
, the influence of
Out Run
"is still being felt on consoles, in music, and in movies". Along with its influence on a wide range of racing games from
Need for Speed
and
Gran Turismo
to
Project Gotham Racing
and
Forza Horizon
, the game's selectable radio music has become commonplace in video games such as
Grand Theft Auto
series as well as the choice to drive through alternate paths in racing games.
[68]
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006).
ア?ケ?ドTVゲ?ムリスト???海外編(1971-2005)
[
Arcade TV Game List: Domestic ? Overseas Edition (1971-2005)
] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 131.
ISBN
978-4990251215
.
- ^
"Out Run (Registration Number PA0000302606)"
.
United States Copyright Office
. Retrieved
10 August
2021
.
- ^
"Sega Arcade History: 1986"
.
Mega Drive Fan
(in Japanese). No. 25 (February 1992). 8 January 1992. pp. 82?84 (83).
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a
b
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d
Edgeley, Clare (16 December 1986).
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.
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ISSN
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.
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"Out Run"
.
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. No. 75 (January 1988). United Kingdom:
EMAP
. 15 December 1987. pp. 136?7.
- ^
Out Run
(instruction manual booklet). UK: Sega. 1987.
Your Car: Ferrari Testarossa Convertible. 2 door, 5 speed
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a
b
c
Edgeley, Clare (February 1987).
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a
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.
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e
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,
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– via
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.
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.
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ISSN
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- ^
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.
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.
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- ^
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.
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on 12 March 2015
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
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.
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- ^
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.
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. Video Game Music Preservation Foundation
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
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.
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ISSN
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.
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a
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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(PDF)
.
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External links
[
edit
]
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