County of England
Ceremonial county in England
Norfolk
(
NOR
-f?k
) is a
ceremonial county
in the
East of England
and
East Anglia
. It borders
Lincolnshire
and
The Wash
to the north-west, the
North Sea
to the north and east,
Cambridgeshire
to the west, and
Suffolk
to the south. The largest settlement is the city of
Norwich
.
The county has an area of 2,074 sq mi (5,370 km
2
) and a population of 859,400. It is largely rural with few large towns: after Norwich (147,895), the largest settlements are
King's Lynn
(42,800) in the north-west,
Great Yarmouth
(38,693) in the east, and
Thetford
(24,340) in the south. For local government purposes Norfolk is a
non-metropolitan county
with seven districts.
The west of Norfolk is part of
the Fens
, an extremely flat former marsh. The centre of the county is gently undulating lowland; its
northern coast
is an
area of outstanding natural beauty
, and in the south is part of
Thetford Forest
. In the east are
the Broads
, a network of rivers and lakes which extend into Suffolk. The area is protected by the
Broads Authority
and has similar status to a
national park
. The geology of the county includes clay and chalk deposits, which make its coast susceptible to erosion.
There is evidence of Prehistoric settlement in Norfolk. In the
Roman
era the region was home to the
Iceni
, whose leader
Boudica
led a
major revolt
in AD60. The
Angles
settled the area in the fifth century, and it became part of the
Kingdom of East Anglia
. During the later Middle Ages the county was very prosperous and heavily involved in the
wool trade
; this allowed the construction of
many large churches
. In 1549 Norfolk was the scene of
Kett's Rebellion
, which unsuccessfully protested the
enclosure
of land. The county was not heavily industrialised during the
Industrial Revolution
, and Norwich lost its status as one of England's largest cities. The contemporary economy is largely based on agriculture and tourism.
History
[
edit
]
The area that was to become Norfolk was settled in pre-Roman times (there were Palaeolithic settlers as early as 950,000 years ago), with camps along the higher land in the west, where
flints
could be quarried.
[5]
A
Brittonic
tribe, the
Iceni
, emerged in the 1st century
BC
. The Iceni revolted against the
Roman invasion
in AD 47, and again in 60 led by
Boudica
. The crushing of the second rebellion opened the area to the Romans. During the
Roman era
roads and ports were constructed throughout the area and farming was widespread.
Situated on the east coast, the homelands of the Iceni were vulnerable to attacks from continental Europe and other parts of Britain, and forts were built to defend against raids by the
Saxons
and the
Picts
. A period of depopulation, which may have been due to these threats, seems to have followed the departure of the Romans.
[6]
Soon afterward, Germanic peoples from the North Sea area settled in the region. Though they became known as
Angles
, they were likely not affiliated to any tribe in particular at the time of their migration. It is thought that the settlement here was early (possibly beginning at the start of the fifth century, thereby preceding the alleged date of
Hengist and Horsa
's arrival in Kent) and that it occurred on a large scale.
[7]
[8]
[9]
By the 5th century the Angles had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk"; hence "Norfolk" and "
Suffolk
". Norfolk, Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia (one of the
heptarchy
), which later merged with
Mercia
and then with
Wessex
. The influence of the early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in "-ham", "-ingham" and "-ton". Endings such as "-by" and "-thorpe" are also fairly common, indicating Danish toponyms: in the 9th century the region again came under attack, this time from
Danes
who killed the king,
Edmund the Martyr
. Several place names around the Fenland area contain Celtic elements;
[10]
this has been taken by some scholars to represent a possibly significant concentration of Britons in the area.
In the centuries before the
Norman Conquest
the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have been high: by the time of the
Domesday Book
survey it was one of the most densely populated parts of the
British Isles
. During the high and late
Middle Ages
the county developed arable agriculture and woollen industries. Norfolk's prosperity at that time is evident from the county's large number of medieval churches: out of an original total of over one thousand some 659 have survived, more than in any other county in Britain and the greatest concentration in the world.
[11]
The economy was in decline by the time of the
Black Death
, which dramatically reduced the population in 1349.
Kett's Rebellion
occurred in Norfolk during the reign of
Edward VI
, largely in response to the enclosure of land by landlords, leaving peasants with nowhere to graze their animals, and to the general abuses of power by the nobility. It was led by
Robert Kett
, a yeoman farmer, who was joined by recruits from Norwich and the surrounding countryside. His group numbered some 16,000 by the time the rebels stormed Norwich on 29 July 1549 and took the city. Kett's rebellion ended on 27 August when the rebels were defeated by an army under the leadership of
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
at the Battle of Dussindale. Some 3,000 rebels were killed. Kett was captured, held in the Tower of London, tried for treason, and hanged from the walls of Norwich Castle.
[12]
[13]
[14]
By the late 16th century Norwich had grown to become the second-largest city in England, but over one-third of its population died in the
plague
epidemic of 1579,
[15]
and in 1665 the
Great Plague
again killed around one-third of the population.
[16]
During the
English Civil War
Norfolk was largely
Parliamentarian
. The economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat. During the
Industrial Revolution
Norfolk developed little industry, except in Norwich, which was a late addition to the railway network.
Early military units included the
Norfolk Militia
. In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation. The first development in airfields came with the
First World War
; there was then a massive expansion during the
Second World War
with the growth of the
Royal Air Force
and the influx of the American USAAF
8th Air Force
which operated from many
Norfolk airfields
.
The local
British Army
regiments included the
Royal Norfolk Regiment
(now the
Royal Anglian Regiment
) and the
Norfolk Yeomanry
.
During the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and it has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for growing cereals and
oilseed rape
.
Economy and industry
[
edit
]
In 1998 Norfolk had a
Gross Domestic Product
of
£
9,319 million, which represents 1.5% of England's economy and 1.25% of the United Kingdom's economy. The GDP per head was £11,825, compared to £13,635 for East Anglia, £12,845 for England and £12,438 for the United Kingdom. In 1999?2000 the county had an unemployment rate of 5.6%, compared to 5.8% for England and 6.0% for the UK.
[17]
Data from 2017 provided a useful update on the county's economy. The median hourly gross pay was £12.17 and the median weekly pay was £496.80; on a per year basis, the median gross income was £25,458. The employment rate among persons aged 16 to 64 was 74.2% while the unemployment rate was 4.6%.
[18]
The Norfolk economy was "treading water with manufacturing sales and recruitment remaining static in the first quarter of the year" according to research published in April 2018. A spokesperson for the
Norfolk Chamber of Commerce made this comment: "At a time when Norfolk firms face steep up-front costs, the apprenticeship system is in crisis, roads are being allowed to crumble, mobile phone and broadband 'not-spots' are multiplying, it's obvious that the key to improved productivity and competitiveness lies in getting the basics right". The solution was seen as a need for the UK government to provide "a far stronger domestic economic agenda ... to fix the fundamentals needed for business to thrive here..."
[19]
In 2017, tourism was adding £3.25 billion to the economy per year and supported some 65,000 jobs, being the fifth most important employment in Norfolk. The visitor economy had increased in value by more than £500 million since 2012.
[20]
Important business sectors also include energy (oil, gas and renewables), advanced engineering and manufacturing, and food and farming.
Much of Norfolk's fairly flat and fertile land has been drained for use as
arable land
. The principal arable crops are
sugar beet
, wheat,
barley
(for brewing) and
oil seed rape
. The county also boasts a
saffron
grower.
[21]
Over 20% of employment in the county is in the agricultural and food industries.
[22]
Well-known companies in Norfolk are
Aviva
(formerly
Norwich Union
),
Colman's
(part of
Unilever
),
Lotus Cars
and
Bernard Matthews Farms
. The
Construction Industry Training Board
is based on the former airfield of
RAF Bircham Newton
. Brewer Greene King, food producer Cranswick and feed supplier
ForFarmers
[
nl
]
were seeing growth in 2016?2017.
[23]
A
local enterprise partnership
was being established by business leaders to help grow jobs across Norfolk and Suffolk. They secured an
enterprise zone
to help grow businesses in the energy sector, and established the two counties as a centre for growing services and products for the
green economy
.
To help local industry in Norwich, the local council offered a wireless internet service, but this was subsequently withdrawn as funding had ceased.
[24]
The fishery business still continued in 2018, with individuals such as John Lee, a fifth generation crabman, who sells Cromer Crabs to eateries such as M Restaurants and the Blueprint Cafe. The problem that he has found is attracting young people to this small industry which calls for working many hours per week during the season.
[25]
Lobster trapping also continued in North Norfolk, around
Sheringham
and
Cromer
, for example.
[26]
Management of the shoreline
[
edit
]
Norfolk's low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are composed of chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to weathering by the sea. The most recent major erosion event occurred during the
North Sea flood of 1953
.
The low-lying section of coast between
Kelling
and
Lowestoft Ness
in Suffolk is currently managed by the British
Environment Agency
to protect the Broads from sea flooding. Management policy for the North Norfolk coastline is described in the "North Norfolk Shoreline Management Plan" published in 2006, but has yet
[
when?
]
to be accepted by local authorities.
[27]
The Shoreline Management Plan states that the stretch of coast will be protected for at least another 50 years, but that in the event of
sea level rise
and
post-glacial lowering
of land levels in the South East, there may a need for further research to inform future management decisions, including the possibility that the
sea defences
may have to be
realigned
to a more sustainable position.
Natural England
have contributed some research into the impacts on the environment of various realignment options. The draft report of their research was leaked to the press, who created great anxiety by reporting that Natural England plan to abandon a large section of the Norfolk Broads, villages and farmland to the sea to save the rest of the Norfolk coastline from the impact of any adverse
climate change
.
[28]
Media
[
edit
]
Television
[
edit
]
The county is covered by
BBC East
and
ITV Anglia
, which both broadcast from Norwich. Television signals are received from the
Tacolneston
TV transmitter.
[29]
However, northwestern parts of Norfolk including
King's Lynn
,
Hunstanton
and
Wells-next-the-Sea
are covered by
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
, broadcasting from
Hull
, and
ITV Yorkshire
, which broadcast from
Leeds
. The area receives its television signals from the
Belmont
TV transmitter.
[30]
Radio
[
edit
]
BBC Local Radio
for the county is served by
BBC Radio Norfolk
. County-wide commercial radio stations are
Heart East
,
Greatest Hits Radio East
,
Amber Radio
, and
Kiss
. Community based stations are
Future Radio
(serving Norwich), Harbour Radio (for
Great Yarmouth
),
[31]
KL1 Radio (covering
North West Norfolk
)
[32]
and Poppyland Community Radio (serving
North Norfolk
).
[33]
Newspapers
[
edit
]
Norfolk is served by these local newspapers:
Education
[
edit
]
Primary and secondary education
[
edit
]
Before 2011, Norfolk had a completely
comprehensive state education
or "maintained" system managed by
Norfolk County Council
, with secondary school age from 11 to 16 or in some schools with
sixth forms
, 18 years old.
[34]
Since then, a number of schools formerly in the "maintained" system have left it to become
academies
, or members of academy groups. Others have become
free schools
. Both academies and free schools are still publicly funded by the Department of Education but are not with county council management.
In many of the rural areas, there is no nearby sixth form and so
sixth form colleges
are found in larger towns. There are twelve
private
, or private schools, including
Gresham's School
in
Holt
in the north of the county,
Thetford Grammar School
in
Thetford
, which is
Britain's fifth oldest extant school
,
Langley School
in
Loddon
, and several in the city of Norwich, including
Norwich School
and
Norwich High School for Girls
. The King's Lynn district has the largest school population. Norfolk is also home to
Wymondham College
, the UK's largest remaining state
boarding school
.
Tertiary education
[
edit
]
The
University of East Anglia
is located on the outskirts of Norwich, and
Norwich University of the Arts
is based in seven buildings in and around St George's Street in the city centre, next to the
River Wensum
.
The
City College Norwich
and the
College of West Anglia
are colleges covering Norwich and King's Lynn as well as Norfolk as a whole.
Easton & Otley College
, 7 mi (11 km) west of Norwich, provides agriculture-based courses for the county, parts of
Suffolk
, and nationally.
The
University of Suffolk
also runs higher education courses in Norfolk, from multiple locations including
Great Yarmouth College
.
[24]
Politics
[
edit
]
Local
[
edit
]
Norfolk is administered by Norfolk County Council, which is the top tier local government authority, based at County Hall in Norwich. For details of the authority click on the link
Norfolk County Council
.
Below Norfolk County Council the county is divided into seven second tier district councils:
Breckland District
,
Broadland District
,
Great Yarmouth Borough
,
King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough
,
North Norfolk District
,
Norwich City
and
South Norfolk District
.
Below the second tier councils the majority of the county is divided into parish and town councils, the lowest tier of local government (the only exceptions being parts of Norwich and King's Lynn urban areas).
Currently the
Conservative Party
control five of the seven district councils:
Breckland District
,
Broadland District
,
King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough
,
Great Yarmouth Borough
and
South Norfolk District
while
Norwich City
is controlled by the
Labour Party
and
North Norfolk District
by the
Liberal Democrats
.
Norfolk County Council
has been under
Conservative
control since 2017. There have been two periods when the council has not been run by the Conservative Party, both when no party had overall control, these were 1993?2001 and 2013?2017.
For the full County Council election results for 2017 and previous elections click on the link
Norfolk County Council elections
.
National
[
edit
]
The county is divided into nine parliamentary constituencies:
In the
1945 United Kingdom general election
, all seats in Norfolk were won by the
Labour Party
and the
National Liberal Party
.
In the 2010 General Election seven seats were held by the
Conservatives
and two by the
Liberal Democrats
. The
Labour Party
no longer held the urban constituencies they once held in Norwich North and Great Yarmouth, leaving them with no MP's in the whole of
East Anglia
; the former Labour
Home Secretary
Charles Clarke
was a high level casualty of that election.
In the 2015 General Election seven seats were won by the
Conservative Party
, with
Labour
winning Norwich South and the
Liberal Democrats
winning North Norfolk.
In the 2017 General Election the 2015 result was repeated.
Norwich Unitary Authority dispute (2006?2010)
[
edit
]
In October 2006, the
Department for Communities and Local Government
produced a Local Government White Paper inviting councils to submit proposals for unitary restructuring. In January 2007 Norwich submitted its proposal, but this was rejected in December 2007 as it did not meet the criteria for acceptance. In February 2008, the
Boundary Committee for England
(from 1 April 2010 incorporated in the
Local Government Boundary Commission for England
) was asked to consider alternative proposals for the whole or part of Norfolk, including whether Norwich should become a
unitary authority
, separate from Norfolk County Council. In December 2009, the Boundary Committee recommended a single unitary authority covering all of Norfolk, including Norwich.
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
However, on 10 February 2010, it was announced that, contrary to the December 2009 recommendation of the Boundary Committee, Norwich would be given separate unitary status.
[39]
The proposed change was strongly resisted, principally by Norfolk County Council and the Conservative opposition in Parliament.
[40]
Reacting to the announcement, Norfolk County Council issued a statement that it would seek leave to challenge the decision in the courts.
[41]
A letter was leaked to the local media in which the Permanent Secretary for the Department for Communities and Local Government noted that the decision did not meet all the criteria and that the risk of it "being successfully challenged in judicial review proceedings is very high".
[42]
The Shadow Local Government and Planning Minister,
Bob Neill
, stated that should the
Conservative Party
win the
2010 general election
, they would reverse the decision.
[43]
Following the
2010 general election
,
Eric Pickles
was appointed
Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
on 12 May 2010 in a
Conservative?Liberal Democrat coalition government
. According to press reports, he instructed his department to take urgent steps to reverse the decision and maintain the status quo in line with the Conservative Party manifesto.
[44]
[45]
However, the unitary plans were supported by the Liberal Democrat group on the city council, and by
Simon Wright
, LibDem MP for
Norwich South
, who intended to lobby the party leadership to allow the changes to go ahead.
[46]
The
Local Government Act 2010
to reverse the unitary decision for Norwich (and Exeter and Suffolk) received Royal Assent on 16 December 2010. The disputed award of unitary status had meanwhile been referred to the
High Court
, and on 21 June 2010 the court (
Mr. Justice Ouseley
, judge) ruled it unlawful, and revoked it. The city has therefore failed to attain unitary status, and the two-tier arrangement of County and District Councils (with Norwich City Council counted among the latter) remains as of 2017.
[47]
Emergency services
[
edit
]
Settlements
[
edit
]
Norfolk's county town and only
city
is
Norwich
, one of the largest settlements in England during the
Norman era
. Norwich is home to the
University of East Anglia
, and is the county's main business and culture centre. Other principal towns include the port town of
King's Lynn
and the seaside resort and Broads gateway town of
Great Yarmouth
.
Based on the 2011 Census
[48]
the county's largest centres of population are:
Norwich
(213,166),
Great Yarmouth
(63,434),
King's Lynn
(46,093),
Thetford
(24,883),
Dereham
(20,651),
Wymondham
(13,587),
North Walsham
(12,463),
Attleborough
(10,549),
Downham Market
(9,994),
Diss
(9,829),
Fakenham
(8,285),
Cromer
(7,749),
Sheringham
(7,367)
and
Swaffham
(7,258).
There are also several smaller
market towns
:
Aylsham
(6,016),
Harleston
(4,458) and
Holt
(3,810).
Much of the county remains rural in nature and Norfolk is believed to have around
200 lost settlements
which have been largely or totally depopulated since the medieval period. These include places lost to coastal erosion, agricultural
enclosure
, depopulation and the establishment of the
Stanford Training Area
in 1940.
Transport
[
edit
]
Roads
[
edit
]
Norfolk is one of the few counties in England that does not have a motorway. The
A11
connects Norfolk to
Cambridge
and London, via the
M11
. From the west, there are only two routes from Norfolk that provide a direct link with the
A1
: the
A47
to the
East Midlands
and
Birmingham
, via
Peterborough
, and the
A17
to the
East Midlands
, via
Lincolnshire
. These two routes both meet at
King's Lynn
, which is also the starting point of the
A10
, providing West Norfolk with a direct link with London, via
Ely
, Cambridge and
Hertford
.
Railways
[
edit
]
There are two main railway lines that link Norfolk with London. The
Great Eastern Main Line
hosts inter-city services from
Norwich
to
Liverpool Street
, via
Ipswich
and
Colchester
. The
Fen line
provides regular services between
King's Lynn
and
King's Cross
, via
Ely
and
Cambridge
.
In addition, the
Breckland line
provides access from Norwich and
Thetford
to destinations to the west including
Peterborough
,
Nottingham
,
Sheffield
,
Manchester
and
Liverpool
.
Norwich International Airport
provides flights to various European destinations, including a link to
Amsterdam
which offers onward flights throughout the world.
Dialect, accent and nickname
[
edit
]
The Norfolk dialect is also known as "Broad Norfolk", although over the modern age much of the vocabulary and many of the phrases have died out due to a number of factors, such as radio, TV and people from other parts of the country coming to Norfolk. As a result, the speech of Norfolk is more of an
accent
than a
dialect
, though one part retained from the Norfolk dialect is the distinctive grammar of the region.
[
citation needed
]
People from Norfolk are sometimes known as
Norfolk Dumplings
,
[49]
an allusion to the flour dumplings that were traditionally a significant part of the local diet.
[50]
More cutting, perhaps, was the alleged pejorative
medical slang
term "Normal for Norfolk",
[51]
alluding to the county's perceived status as a quirky rustic backwater due to a high level of
inbreeding
among residents.
[52]
[53]
Tourism
[
edit
]
Norfolk is a popular tourist destination and has several major holiday attractions. There are many seaside resorts, including some of the finest British beaches, such as those at
Great Yarmouth
,
Cromer
and
Holkham
. Norfolk contains
the Broads
and other areas of outstanding
natural
beauty and many areas of the coast are wild bird sanctuaries and reserves with some areas designated as
national parks
such as the
Norfolk Coast AONB
.
-
Elm Hill in the historic city of
Norwich
-
-
-
The
King
's residence at
Sandringham House
in
Sandringham
provides a year-round tourist attraction whilst the coast and some rural areas are popular locations for people from the
conurbations
to purchase weekend
holiday homes
.
Arthur Conan Doyle
first conceived the idea for
The Hound of the Baskervilles
whilst holidaying in
Cromer
with
Bertram Fletcher Robinson
, after hearing local folklore tales regarding the mysterious hound known as
Black Shuck
.
[54]
[55]
Amusement parks and zoos
[
edit
]
Norfolk has several amusement parks and zoos.
- Thrigby Hall near Great Yarmouth was built in 1736 by Joshua Smith Esquire and features a zoo which houses a large tiger enclosure, primate enclosures and the swamp house which has many crocodiles and alligators.
- Holkham Hall
is an 18th-century stately home and
visitor attraction
, constructed in the
Palladian
style and at the centre of a 3,000-acre deer park on the
North Norfolk
coast with a woodland play area, walled garden and farming exhibition.
- Roarr! Dinosaur Adventure (formerly Dinosaur Adventure) is a
dinosaur
themed adventure park in
Lenwade
. It is set in 85 acres of parkland and has a dinosaur trail, indoor play area, high ropes course and outdoor water play area.
- Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach
is a free-entry theme park, hosting over twenty large rides as well as a crazy golf course, water attractions, children's rides and "white knuckle" rides.
- BeWILDerwood
is an adventure park situated in the Norfolk Broads and is the setting for the book
A Boggle at BeWILDerwood
by local children's author
Tom Blofeld
.
- Britannia Pier on the coast of Great Yarmouth has rides which include a ghost train. Also on the pier is the famous Britannia Pier Theatre.
- Banham Zoo
is set amongst 35 acres (14 ha) of parkland and gardens with enclosures for animals including big cats, birds of prey, siamangs and shire horses. Its annual visitor attendance is in excess of 200,000 people.
[56]
- Pensthorpe Nature Reserve
, near the town of Fakenham in north Norfolk, is a nature reserve with many captive birds and animals. Such species include native birds such as lapwing and Eurasian crane, to much more exotic examples like Marabou stork, Greater flamingo, and Manchurian crane. The site played host to the BBC's
Springwatch
from 2008 until 2010. A number of human-made lakes are home to a range of wild birds, and provide stop-off points for many wintering ducks and geese.
- The
Sea Life Centre
in Great Yarmouth is One of the biggest sea life centres in the country. The Great Yarmouth centre is home to a tropical shark display, one resident of which is Britain's biggest shark 'Nobby' the Nurse Shark. The same display, with its walk-through underwater tunnel, also features the wreckage of a World War II aircraft. The centre also includes over 50 native species including shrimps, starfish, sharks, stingrays and conger eels.
- The
Sea Life Sanctuary
in
Hunstanton
is Norfolk's leading marine rescue centre and works both as a visitor attraction as well as a location for rescuing and rehabilitating sick and injured sea creatures found in the nearby
Wash
and
North Sea
. The attractions main features are similar to that of the Sea Life Centre in Great Yarmouth, albeit on a slightly smaller scale.
Theatres
[
edit
]
The
Pavilion Theatre
(Cromer) is a 510-seater venue on the end of Cromer Pier, best known for hosting the 'end-of-the-pier' show, the Seaside Special. The theatre also presents comedy, music, dance, opera, musicals and community shows.
The Britannia Pier Theatre (Great Yarmouth) mainly hosts popular comedy acts such as the
Chuckle Brothers
and
Jim Davidson
. The theatre has 1,200 seats and is one of the largest in Norfolk.
The
Theatre Royal
in Norwich has been on its present site for nearly 250 years, the Act of Parliament in the tenth year of the reign of George II having been rescinded in 1761. The 1,300-seat theatre, the largest in the city, hosts a mix of national touring productions including musicals, dance, drama, family shows, stand-up comedians, opera and pop.
The
Norwich Playhouse
hosts theatre, comedy, music and other performing arts. It has a seating capacity of 300.
The
Maddermarket Theatre
in Norwich opened in 1921 and was the first permanent recreation of an Elizabethan theatre. The founder was Nugent Monck who had worked with William Poel. The theatre has a seating capacity of 312.
[57]
The
Norwich Puppet Theatre
was founded in 1979 by Ray and Joan DaSilva as a permanent base for their touring company and was first opened as a public venue in 1980, following the conversion of the medieval church of St. James in the heart of Norwich. Under subsequent artistic directors ? Barry Smith and Luis Z. Boy ? the theatre established its current pattern of operation. It is a nationally unique
[
citation needed
]
venue dedicated to puppetry, and currently houses a 185-seat raked auditorium, 50 seat Octagon Studio, workshops, an exhibition gallery, shop and licensed bar. It is the only theatre in the Eastern region with a year-round programme of family-centred entertainment.
[
citation needed
]
The Garage studio theatre (Norwich) can seat up to 110 people in a range of different layouts. It can also be used for standing events and can accommodate up to 180 people.
The Platform Theatre (Norwich) is in the grounds of
City College Norwich
(CCN), and has a large stage with raked seating for an audience of around 200. The theatre plays host to performances by both student and professional companies.
The
Sewell Barn Theatre
(Norwich) is the smallest theatre in Norwich and has a seating capacity of 100. The auditorium features raked seating on three sides of an open acting space.
The
Norwich Arts Centre
(Norwich) theatre opened in 1977 in St. Benedict's Street, and has a capacity of 290.
The
Princess Theatre
(Hunstanton) stands overlooking the Wash and the
green
in the East Coast resort of Hunstanton. It is a 472-seat venue. Open all year round, the theatre plays host to a wide variety of shows from comedy to drama, celebrity shows to music for all tastes and children's productions. It has a six-week summer season plus an annual Christmas pantomime.
Sheringham Little Theatre
has seating for 180. The theatre programmes a variety of plays, musicals and music, and also shows films.
The
Gorleston Pavilion
is an original
Edwardian
building with a seating capacity of 300, situated on the Norfolk coast. The theatre stages plays, pantomimes, musicals and concerts as well as a 26-week summer season.
Demography
[
edit
]
According to estimates by the
Office for National Statistics
, the population of Norfolk in 2018 was 903,680, split almost evenly between males and females. Roughly 24.3% of the population was aged 65 or older, compared to 18.2% for the whole of England.
Ethnic category
|
Norfolk
|
East of England
|
England (total)
|
No.
|
%
|
No.
|
%
|
No.
|
%
|
Asian/Asian British
|
13,017
|
1.5
|
278,372
|
4.8
|
4,143,403
|
7.8
|
Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
|
4,609
|
0.5
|
117,442
|
2
|
1,846,614
|
3.5
|
Mixed/multiple ethnic groups
|
10,027
|
1.2
|
112,116
|
1.9
|
1,192,879
|
2.3
|
Other ethnic group
|
2,217
|
0.3
|
28,841
|
0.5
|
548,418
|
1.0
|
White
|
828,018
|
96.5
|
5,310,194
|
90.8
|
45,281,142
|
85.4
|
Source:
[58]
Notable people
[
edit
]
From Norfolk
[
edit
]
- George VI
, King/Emperor of the United Kingdom. Born and died on the
Sandringham Estate
.
- Joseph Ames
, naval commander. Born and lived in Great Yarmouth
- Joseph Ames
, bibliographer and antiquary. Born in Great Yarmouth
- Hannah Amond
, pop singer from Norwich.
- Diana Athill
, literary editor and author, South Norfolk and
Ditchingham
- Alexander Baker (Jesuit)
, missionary to India
- Peter Bellamy
, folk singer and musician, who was brought up in North Norfolk
- Henry Blofeld
,
Cricket
commentator
- Henry Blogg
, the UK's most decorated
lifeboatman
, who was from
Cromer
- Francis Blomefield
, Anglican rector, early topographical historian of Norfolk
- James Blunt
, English acoustic folk rock singer-songwriter who was raised in Norfolk during his childhood
- Boudica
, scourge of the occupying
Roman Army
in first century Britain and queen of the
Iceni
, British tribe occupying an area slightly larger than modern Norfolk
- Martin Brundle
, former
motor-racing driver
and now a commentator was born in King's Lynn
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton
, writer, born at
Heydon
- George Russell (racing driver)
, Formula 1 driver, born in Kings Lynn, and educated at Wisbech grammar school.
- Dave Bussey
, former
BBC Radio 2
and current BBC
Radio Lincolnshire
presenter
- Michael Carroll
(29 March 1983?) lottery winner
- Howard Carter
, archaeologist who discovered
Tutankhamun
's tomb; his childhood was spent primarily in
Swaffham
- Edith Cavell
, a nurse executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of prisoners in World War I
- Sam Claflin
, actor, grew up in Norwich and studied at
Costessey High School
- Sam Clemmett
, actor, from
Brundall
known for starring in West End stage play
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
, Haribo Tangfastics television advert and the
BBC
documentary
Murder Games: The Life and Death of Breck Bednar
where he played
Breck Bednar
the teen murdered by
Lewis Daynes
- Edward Coke
, 17th-century jurist and author of the
Petition of Right
was born in
Mileham
and educated at
Norwich School
- Olivia Colman
, actress, born and educated in Norfolk
- Jamie Cutter, co-founder of
Cutter & Buck
, America's largest golf apparel providers, born in Norwich
- Cathy Dennis
, singer and songwriter, from Norwich
- Diana, Princess of Wales
, first wife of
Charles, Prince of Wales
, was born and grew up in Park House near the
Sandringham
estate
- Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer
brother of
Diana, Princess of Wales
and maternal uncle to H.R.H.
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
and
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
- Anthony Duckworth-Chad
, landowner and Deputy
Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk
- Sir James Dyson
, inventor and entrepreneur, was born at Cromer, grew up at
Holt
and was educated at Gresham's School
- Bill
(1916?1986),
Brian
(1922?2009),
Eric
(1914?1993),
Geoff
(1918?2004),
John
(1937?), and
Justin Edrich
(1961?), cricketers
- Nathan Fake
, electronic dance music producer/DJ
- Pablo Fanque
, equestrian and popular Victorian circus proprietor, whose 1843 poster advertisement inspired
The Beatles
song,
Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!
, born in Norwich
- Natasha
and
Ralph Firman
, racing drivers, were both born and brought up in Norfolk and educated at Gresham's School
- Caroline Flack
, television presenter, who grew up in
East Wretham
and went to school in
Watton
- Margaret Fountaine
, butterfly collector, was born in Norfolk, and her collection is housed in
Norwich Castle
Museum
- Elizabeth Fry
, prominent 19th century
Quaker
prison reformer
pictured on the
Bank of England £5 note
, born and raised in Norwich
- Stephen Fry
, actor, comedian, writer, producer, director and author who was born in London and was brought up in the village of
Booton
near
Reepham
. He now has a second home near King's Lynn
- Samuel Fuller
, signed the
Mayflower Compact
- William Gooderham Sr.
(29 August 1790 ? 20 August 1881) was an
English
distiller, businessman, and banker. He was a founder of the
Gooderham and Worts
distillery in Toronto, Canada.
- Claire Goose
, actress who starred in
Casualty
, was raised in Norfolk
- Ed Graham
, drummer of
Lowestoft
band
The Darkness
, was born in Great Yarmouth
- Sienna Guillory
, actress, from north Norfolk, who was educated at Gresham's School
- Sir
Henry Rider Haggard
, novelist, author of
She
,
King Solomon's Mines
, born
Bradenham
1856 and lived after his marriage at
Ditchingham
- Lilias Rider Haggard
, daughter of Henry Rider Haggard and author of books about Norfolk
- Lauren Hemp
, footballer for England, part of the squad that won the
UEFA Women's Euro 2022
, was born in
North Walsham
and played for
Norwich City Women FC
- Jake Humphrey
,
BBC
presenter, spent most of his childhood in Norwich
- Andy Hunt
,
footballer
, grew up in
Ashill
.
- Julian of Norwich
, mediaeval mystic, born probably in Norwich in 1342; lived much of her life as a recluse in Norwich
- Robert Kett
, leader of
Kett's Rebellion
in East Anglia 1549, from Wymondham
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer
, Norfolk historian and former owner of
Felbrigg Hall
- Sid Kipper
, Norfolk humourist, author, songwriter and singer
- Myleene Klass
, former
Hear'Say
singer, comes from
Gorleston
- Holly Lerski
, singer and songwriter, former member of the band
Angelou
, grew up and resides in Norfolk
- Henry Leslie
, actor and playwright, born 1830 at Walsoken
- Samuel Lincoln
, ancestor of US President
Abraham Lincoln
- Matthew Macfadyen
, actor who starred in
Spooks
, was born in
Great Yarmouth
- Kenneth McKee
, surgeon who pioneered
hip replacement surgery
techniques, lived in
Tacolneston
- Danny Mills
, footballer, born in Norwich
- Sir
John Mills
, actor, born in
North Elmham
- R. H. Mottram
, author and former
Lord Mayor of Norwich
- Horatio, Lord Nelson
, Admiral and British hero who played a major role in the
Battle of Trafalgar
, born and schooled in Norfolk
- Nimmo Twins
, sketch comedy duo well known in Norfolk
- King Olav V of Norway
, born at
Flitcham
on the
Sandringham estate
- Beth Orton
, singer-songwriter, was born in
Dereham
and raised in Norwich
- Thomas Paine
, philosopher, born in
Thetford
- Ronan Parke
,
Britain's Got Talent
2011 finalist and runner up
- Margaret Paston
, author of many of the
Paston Letters
, born 1423, lived at
Gresham
- Barry Pinches
,
snooker
player who comes from Norwich
- Matthew Pinsent
, Olympic champion
rower
, was born in
Holt
- Prasutagus
, 1st-century king of the
Iceni
, who occupied roughly the area which is now Norfolk
- Philip Pullman
, author, born in Norwich
- Miranda Raison
, actress, from north Norfolk, who was educated at Gresham's School
- Anna Sewell
, writer, author of
Black Beauty
, born at
Great Yarmouth
, lived part of her life at
Old Catton
near Norwich and buried at
Lamas
, near
Buxton
- Thomas Shadwell
, playwright, satirist and
Poet Laureate
- Allan Smethurst
, 'The Singing Postman' who sang songs in his Norfolk dialect, was from
Sheringham
- Hannah Spearritt
, actress and former
S Club 7
singer, who is from
Gorleston
- Roger Taylor
, drummer of the rock band
Queen
was born in King's Lynn and spent the early part of his childhood in Norfolk
- Adam Thoroughgood
, colonial leader in Virginia, namer of New Norfolk County, which later became Norfolk, Virginia
- Peter Trudgill
,
sociolinguist
specialising in accents and dialects including his own native Norfolk dialect, was born and bred in Norwich
- George Vancouver
, born King's Lynn. Captain and explorer in the
Royal Navy
- Stella Vine
, English artist, spent many of her early years in Norwich
- Sir Robert Walpole
, first
Earl of Orford
, regarded as the first
British prime minister
- Tim Westwood
, rap DJ and
Radio 1
presenter, grew up in and around Norwich
- Parson Woodforde
, 18th century clergyman and
diarist
- Nick Youngs
(1959?) and his two sons,
Ben
(1989?) and
Tom
(1987?) were both raised close to the town of
Aylsham
on their father's farm
[59]
Youngs is a former
rugby union
player for
Leicester Tigers
and
England
. Both sons went on to represent the national rugby union team.
Associated with Norfolk
[
edit
]
The following people were not born or brought up in Norfolk but are long-term residents of Norfolk, are well known for living in Norfolk at some point in their lives, or have contributed in some significant way to the county.
- Verily Anderson
(1915?2010), writer, lived in North Norfolk
- Stuart Ashen
, comedian, animator, actor and online reviewer, born and lives in Norfolk
- Julian Assange
, Australian publisher, journalist, writer, computer programmer,
Internet activist
and editor in chief of
WikiLeaks
, lived since 16 December 2010 in
Ellingham Hall
, the mansion of
Vaughan Smith
, under house arrest whilst fighting extradition to
Sweden
, before relocating to
Kent
in December 2011
- Peter Baker
(1921?1966), British Conservative MP for South Norfolk
- Mary Bristow
(1781?1805), landscape gardener, owner of
Quidenham Hall
- Bill Bryson
, writer, has lived in the county since 2003
- Adam Buxton
, comedian and one half of Adam and Joe, moved to Norfolk in 2008
- Richard Condon
(1937?1991),
Theatre Royal, Norwich
and
Pavilion Theatre, Cromer Pier
manager
- Revd Richard Enraght
(1837?1898), 19th century clergyman, religious controversialist, Rector of St Swithun,
Bintree
- Liza Goddard
TV and stage actress, lives in the village of
Syderstone
- Trisha Goddard
, TV personality, lives in Norwich and writes a column in the local newspaper the
Eastern Daily Press
- Roderick Gordon
, writer of
Tunnels
series, lives in North Norfolk
- Adriana Hunter
, translator of French novels, lives in Norfolk
- John Major
, British Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997, has a holiday home in
Weybourne
- Alan Partridge
, fictional tongue-in-cheek media personality portrayed by
Steve Coogan
. His feature film
Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa
was set, filmed and had its world premiere in Norwich in 2013
- Pocahontas
(c. 1596?1617), who lived at
Heacham
Hall for part of her life when she was married to
John Rolfe
- Martin Shaw
, stage, television and film actor, is based in Norfolk
- Delia Smith
, cookery writer and major Norwich City Football Club shareholder
- John Wilson
(1943?2018),
angler
, writer and broadcaster
Gallery
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Recorded in wills of 1043?45: Ekwall, Eilert (1940)
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names
; 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p. 327 citing Whitelock, Dorothy, ed.
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.
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Further reading
[
edit
]
- S. K. Baker,
A Week on the Broads: Four Victorian gents at sail on a Norfolk gaffer in 1889
, Adlard Coles ed. 2017.
- Henry Munro Cautley
,
Norfolk Churches
, Norman Adlard, 1949.
- Thomas Kitson Cromwell
,
Excursions in the County of Norfolk
, 2 vols., Longmans, 1818 & 1819.
- Patsy Dallas, Roger Last & Tom Williamson,
Norfolk Gardens and Designed Landscapes
, Norfolk Gardens Trust, 2018.
- John A. Davies,
The Little History of Norfolk
,
The History Press
, 2020.
- Daniel Defoe
,
Tour through the Eastern Counties
(1722), East Anglian Magazine ed., 1949.
- Bernard E. Dorman,
Norfolk
(Batsford Britain series),
B. T. Batsford
, 1972.
- David Dymond,
The Norfolk Landscape
, Alastair Press ed., 1990.
- Lilias Rider Haggard
,
A Norfolk Notebook
,
Faber and Faber
, 1946.
- Lilias Rider Haggard,
Norfolk Life
, Faber and Faber, 1943; written with
Henry Williamson
.
- Wilhelmine Harrod
& C. L. S. Linnell,
Norfolk. A Shell Guide
(
Shell Guides
), Faber and Faber, 1957; reprinted.
- M. R. James
,
Suffolk and Norfolk: A Perambulation of the Two Counties with Notices of their History and their Ancient Buildings
, J.M. Dent & Sons, 1930.
- P. D. James
,
Devices and Desires
,
Faber and Faber
, 1989.
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer
,
A Norfolk Gallery
, Faber and Faber, 1948.
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer,
Forty Norfolk Essays
,
Jarrold and Sons
, 1961.
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer,
Norfolk Assembly, Faber and Faber, 1957.
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer,
Norfolk in the Civil War: A Portrait of Society in Conflict
, Faber and Faber, 1969.
- R. W. Ketton-Cremer,
Norfolk Portraits
, Faber and Faber, 1944.
- Arthur Mee
,
Norfolk. Green Pastures and Still Waters
(
The King's England
series),
Hodder and Stoughton
, 1940; reprinted.
- Frank Meeres,
A History of Norwich
, The History Press, 2016.
- D. P. Mortlock & C. V. Roberts,
The Guide to Norfolk Churches
,
Lutterworth Press
, 3rd rev. ed. 2017.
- R. H. Mottram
,
If Stones Could Speak. An Introduction to an Almost Human Family
,
Museum Press
, 1953.
- R. H. Mottram,
Norfolk
(Vision of England series),
Paul Elek
, 1948.
- R. H. Mottram,
The Broads
(
The Regional Books
series),
Robert Hale
, 1952.
- Nikolaus Pevsner
, Bill Wilson (ed.),
Norfolk: North-West and South
(
The Buildings of England
),
Yale University Press
, 2nd rev. ed. 1999.
- Nikolaus Pevsner, Bill Wilson (ed.),
Norfolk: Norwich and North-East
(The Buildings of England), Yale University Press, 2nd ed. 1997.
- Matthew Rice,
Building Norfolk
,
Frances Lincoln
, 2009.
- Arthur Ransome
,
Coot Club
,
Jonathan Cape
, 1934; from his
Swallows and Amazons series
.
- Arthur Ransome,
The Big Six
, Jonathan Cape, 1940; also from
Swallows and Amazons
.
- David Robertson, Peter & Susanna Wade-Martins,
A History of Norfolk in 100 Places
, The History Press, 2022.
- Ali Smith
,
The Accidental
,
Hamish Hamilton
, 2005.
- Neil R. Storey,
Norwich in the Second World War
, The History Press, 2022.
- Neil R. Storey,
The Little Book of Norfolk
, The History Press, 2011.
- Neil R. Storey,
The Lost Coast of Norfolk
, The History Press, 2006.
- Doreen Wallace
& R. P. Bagnall-Oakeley,
Norfolk
(
The County Books
),
Robert Hale
, 1951.
- Josephine Walpole,
Art and Artists of the Norwich School
, Antique Collector's Club, 1999.
- Tom Williamson, Ivan Ringwood & Sarah Spooner,
Lost Country Houses of Norfolk: History, Archaeology and Myth
,
The Boydell Press
, 2015.
- Pip Wright,
I Read it in the Local Rag: Selections from Suffolk and Norfolk Papers 1701-1900
, Poppyland, 2006.
- David Yaxley,
Portrait of Norfolk
(
Portrait of series
), Robert Hale, 1977.
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