Russo Research Satllite
Koronas-Foton
(
Russian
:
Коронас-Фотон
), also known as
CORONAS-Photon
(
Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun-Photon
),
[2]
was a Russian
Solar
research satellite. It is the third satellite in the Russian
Coronas programme
, and part of the international
Living With a Star
programme.
[3]
It was launched on 30 January 2009, from
Site 32/2
at the
Plesetsk Cosmodrome
, aboard the final flight of the
Tsyklon-3
rocket. On 1 December 2009 all scientific instruments on the satellite were turned off due to the problems with power supply that were caused by a design flaw.
[4]
[5]
On 18 April 2010 the creators of the satellite announced it was lost "with a good deal of certainty".
[6]
[7]
Overview
[
edit
]
The goal is to investigate the processes of free energy accumulation in the Sun's atmosphere, accelerated particle phenomena and solar flares, and the correlation between solar activity and magnetic storms on Earth.
[8]
Launch occurred successfully on 30 January 2009, and the first batch of science data was downloaded from the satellite on 19 February 2009.
[9]
The satellite operates in a 500 x 500 km x 82.5°
polar
low Earth orbit
[2]
and was expected to have an operational lifetime of three years. It developed power system problems during the first eclipse season, about six months after launch, and contact with the satellite was lost on 1 December 2009.
[10]
The satellite returned to life on December 29, after its solar panels received enough light to power its control systems,
[
citation needed
]
but attempts to revive the satellite failed, and the satellite is considered lost.
[10]
[11]
On 5 July 2009, Koronas-Foton's TESIS telescope registered the most powerful solar outburst of the year so far, lasting 11 minutes, from 06:07 to 06:18 GMT. Solar X-ray pick intensity reached С2.7 in a
5-level scale
used to classify solar flares. The last equally powerful outburst occurred on 25 March 2008.
[12]
Development
[
edit
]
Koronas-Foton is a successor to the
Koronas-F
and
Koronas-I
satellites, launched in 1994 and 2001 respectively. It is being operated by the
Russian Federal Space Agency
, the
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
and the
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics
.
[3]
It was built using a
bus
constructed for
Meteor-M
weather satellites
,.
[2]
Koronas-Foton also carries three Indian
Roentgen Telescope
or
RT
instruments: RT-2/S, RT-2/G, and RT-2/CZT. These will be used to conduct
photometric
and
spectrometric
research into the Sun, and for low-energy
gamma-ray
imagery. These instruments will be operated by the
Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO), and were constructed by a collaboration of the
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
,
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
and
Indian Centre for Space Physics
.
[13]
Instruments
[
edit
]
The satellite's scientific payload includes an array of 12 instruments.
[9]
Eight instruments were designed for registering electromagnetic radiation from the Sun in a wide range of spectrum from near electromagnetic waves to gamma-radiation, as well as solar neutrons. Two instruments were designed to detect charged particles such as protons and electrons.
[9]
Scientific instruments:
- Natalya-2M spectrometer MIFI
[
expand acronym
]
, Moscow, Russia
- RT-2 gamma-telescope TIFR/ICSP/VSSC,
[14]
India.
- Pingvin-M (Penguin) polarimeter MIFI, Moscow, Russia
- Konus-RF x-ray and gamma spectrometer
Ioffe Institute
, Russia
- BRM x-ray detector MIFI, Russia
- FOKA UV-detector MIFI, Russia
- TESIS telescope/spectrometer FIAN, Russia, with SphinX soft X-ray spectrophotometer, SRC PAS, Poland
- Electron-M-Peska charged particles analyser NIIYaF MGU, Russia
- STEP-F Electron and proton detector Kharkov National University, Ukraine
- SM-8M
magnetometer
NPP Geologorazvedka/MIFI, Russia
Service systems:
- SSRNI science data collection and registration system IKI, Russia
- Radio transmission system and antennas RNII KP, Russia
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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Current
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Past
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Planned
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Proposed
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Cancelled
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Lost
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Sun-Earth
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Launch sites
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Launch vehicles
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Human spaceflight
programs
| Past
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Cancelled
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Active
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In development
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Robotic
programs
| Past
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Active
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In development
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Communications
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Concepts
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Images and artwork
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Related
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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
| |
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July
|
- TerreStar-1
- Kosmos 2451
,
Kosmos 2452
,
Kosmos 2453
- RazakSAT
- STS-127
(
JEM-EF
,
AggieSat 2
,
BEVO-1
,
Castor
,
Pollux
)
- Kosmos 2454
,
Sterkh No.11L
- Progress M-67
- DubaiSat-1
,
Deimos-1
,
UK-DMC 2
,
Nanosat-1B
,
AprizeSat-3
,
AprizeSat-4
|
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August
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September
|
- USA-207 / PAN
- HTV-1
- Meteor-M No.1
,
BLITS
,
Sterkh-2
,
SumbandilaSat
,
UGATUSAT
,
Universitetsky-Tatyana-2
- Nimiq 5
- Oceansat-2
,
Rubin 9.1
,
Rubin 9.2
,
BeeSat-1
,
UWE-2
,
ITU-pSat1
,
SwissCube-1
- USA-208
/
STSS-Demo 1
,
USA-209
/
STSS-Demo 2
- Soyuz TMA-16
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October
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November
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December
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Launches are separated by dots ( ? ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights
are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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