678

678 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	678 ; DCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1431
Armenian calendar	127 ; ?? ???
Assyrian calendar	5428
Balinese saka calendar	599?600
Bengali calendar	85
Berber calendar	1628
Buddhist calendar	1222
Burmese calendar	40
Byzantine calendar	6186?6187
Chinese calendar	丁丑年 (Fire Ox ) ; 3375 or 3168 ; ? to ? ; 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger ) ; 3376 or 3169
Coptic calendar	394?395
Discordian calendar	1844
Ethiopian calendar	670?671
Hebrew calendar	4438?4439
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	734?735
- Shaka Samvat	599?600
- Kali Yuga	3778?3779
Holocene calendar	10678
Iranian calendar	56?57
Islamic calendar	58?59
Japanese calendar	Hakuchi 29 ; (白雉２９年)
Javanese calendar	570?571
Julian calendar	678 ; DCLXXVIII
Korean calendar	3011
Minguo calendar	1234 before ROC ; 民前1234年
Nanakshahi calendar	?790
Seleucid era	989/990 AG
Thai solar calendar	1220?1221
Tibetan calendar	?火牛年 ; (female Fire- Ox ) ; 804 or 423 or ?349 ; ? to ? ; ?土虎年 ; (male Earth- Tiger ) ; 805 or 424 or ?348

Millennium :	1st millennium
Centuries :	6th century ; 7th century ; 8th century ;
Decades :	650s ; 660s ; 670s ; 680s ; 690s ;
Years :	675 ; 676 ; 677 ; 678 ; 679 ; 680 ; 681 ;

Year 678 ( DCLXXVIII ) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar . The denomination 678 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events [ edit ]

July 27 – The Siege of Thessalonica (676?678) ends, when the Sclaveni withdraw.
Autumn – Siege of Constantinople : Emperor Constantine IV confronts the Arab besiegers in a head-on engagement. The Byzantine fleet , equipped with Greek fire , destroys the Muslim fleet at Sillyon , ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] ending the Arab threat to Europe, and forcing Yazid (a son of caliph Muawiyah I ) to lift the siege on land and sea. The victory also frees up forces that are sent to raise the two-year siege of Thessalonica by the local Slavic tribes.

King Æthelred of Mercia defeats the Northumbrian forces under King Ecgfrith , in a battle near the River Trent . Archbishop Theodore helps to resolve differences between the two, Æthelred agreeing to pay a weregild to avoid any resumption of hostilities (approximate date).

April 27 – Emperor Tenmu holds divination for the purpose of proceeding to the Abstinence Palace.
May 3 – Princess T?chi suddenly takes ill and dies within the palace. Tenmu, her father, is unable to sacrifice to the Gods of Heaven and Earth.
May 10 – T?chi is buried at a place which could be Ak? ( Hy?go Prefecture ). Tenmu is graciously pleased to raise lament for her.

Wilfrid , bishop of York , is at the height of his power and owns vast estates throughout Northumbria . After his refusal to agree to a division of his see , Ecgfrith and Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury , have him banished from Northumbria.
April 11 – Pope Donus dies at Rome, after a reign of 1 year and 160 days. He is succeeded by Agatho I , who becomes the 79th pope. He is the first pope to stop paying tribute to Emperor Constantine IV upon election.
In Japan , the national worshiping to the Gods of Heaven and Earth is planned. Tenmu tries to select his daughter T?chi as a Sai? to make her serve the Gods. However, T?chi suddenly takes ill and dies.
The Beomeosa temple complex in Geumjeong-gu (modern South Korea ) is constructed, during the reign of King Munmu of Silla .

Haldon, John F. (1990). Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture (revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31917-1 .
Lilie, Ralph-Johannes (1976). Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd [ Byzantine Reaction to the Expansion of the Arabs. Studies on the Structural Change of the Byzantine State in the 7th and 8th Cent. ] (in German). Munich: Institut fur Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universitat Munchen. OCLC 797598069 .
Mango, Cyril ; Scott, Roger (1997). The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284?813 . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822568-7 .
Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society . Stanford, California: Stanford University Press . ISBN 0-8047-2630-2 .