Ο
Φρ?ντερικ ?γκουστου? Γου?σινγκτον Μπ?ιλι
(
αγγλικ?
:
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey
,
Φεβρου?ριο?
1818
-
20 Φεβρουαρ?ου
1895
), γνωστ?? περισσ?τερο ω?
Φρ?ντερικ Ντ?γκλα?
(
Frederick Douglass
), ?ταν
Αφρο-Αμερικαν??
κοινωνικ?? μεταρρυθμιστ??, ρ?τορα?, συγγραφ?α?, πολιτικ?? και πολ?μιο? τη? δουλε?α?. Αφο? δραπ?τευσε απ? το
Μ?ριλαντ
, ?που ?ταν σκλ?βο?, ?γινε εθνικ?? ηγ?τη? του κιν?ματο? κατ? τη? δουλε?α?, στη
Μασαχουσ?τη
και στη
Ν?α Υ?ρκη
, ?που τραβο?σε την προσοχ? με τι? εκθαμβωτικ?? ομιλ?ε? του
[14]
και το τολμηρ? του γρ?ψιμο. Οι Β?ρειοι αδυνατο?σαν να πιστ?ψουν ?τι ?να? πρ?ην σκλ?βο?, μπορο?σε να ε?ναι ?να? τ?σο καλ?? ρ?τορα?.
[15]
Ο Ντ?γκλα? ?γραψε μερικ?? αυτοβιογραφ?ε?: Περι?γραψε τι? εμπειρ?ε? του ω? σκλ?βο?, στην αυτοβιογραφ?α του, το 1845, υπ? τον τ?τλο
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave
, το οπο?ο ?γινε best-seller, και αυτ? ?γινε η αφορμ? για το δε?τερο του βιβλ?ο, το
My Bondage and My Freedom
(1855). Μετ? το π?ρα? του
Αμερικανικο? Εμφυλ?ου
, παρ?μεινε ?να? πολ?μιο? τη? δουλε?α?, γρ?φοντα? την τελευτα?α του αυτοβιογραφ?α, ον?ματι
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
. Αυτ? κυκλοφ?ρησε το 1881 και επεξεργ?στηκε το 1892, ?τοι τρ?α χρ?νια πριν πεθ?νει. Εκε? γρ?φει γεγον?τα που συν?βησαν κατ? τη δι?ρκεια του Εμφυλ?ου. Ο Ντ?γκλα?, επ?ση?, υποστ?ριζε ενεργ? και τι? γυνα?κε? και ?ταν υπ?ρμαχο? στο δικα?ωμα ψ?φου και για αυτ??. Χωρ?? την ?γκριση του, ?γινε ο πρ?το? Αφροαμερικαν?? υποψ?φιο? για
Αντιπρ?εδρο? των Ηνωμ?νων Πολιτει?ν
, στο Equal Rights Party.
[16]
Ο Ντ?γκλα? π?στευε σθεναρ? στην ισ?τητα ?λων των ανθρ?πων, ε?τε ?ταν μα?ροι, λευκο?, γυνα?κε?, ιθαγενε?? ?, πρ?σφατα, μεταν?στε?. Π?στευε, επ?ση?, στον δι?λογο και στι? συμμαχ?ε? με ανθρ?που? με φυλετικ?? διαφορ?? και ?λλε? ιδεολογ?ε?, καθ?? και στη αξ?ε? τη? ελευθερ?ε? που πρεσβε?ει το Αμερικανικο? Συντ?γματο?. Κ?ποια στιγμ?, πολ?μιοι τη? δουλε?ε?, κατ?κριναν τον Ντ?γκλα?, για την προθυμ?α του να συνομιλ?σει ακ?μα και με ιδιοκτ?τε? σκλ?βων, λ?γοντα? ?τι ≪δεν υπ?ρχει ?νωση με αυτο?? που του? ε?χαν δο?λου?≫. Ωστ?σο, ο Ντ?γκλα?, απ?ντησε με το πλ?ον γνωστ? του απ?φθεγμα: ≪Θα συμμαχο?σα με τον οποιοδ?ποτε που θ?λει να κ?νει το σωστ?, και με καν?ναν που θ?λει να κ?νει το λ?θο?≫.
[17]
- ↑
≪Frederick Douglass Biography≫
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 4 Σεπτεμβρ?ου 2012
.
- ↑
≪Frederick Douglass≫
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 20 Απριλ?ου 2011
.
- ↑
≪Later Years and Death | Frederick Douglass Heritage≫
.
www.frederick-douglass-heritage.org
(στα Αγγλικ?)
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 21 Σεπτεμβρ?ου 2017
.
- ↑
≪Biography ? Early Life≫
. Frederick Douglass Heritage
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 22 Δεκεμβρ?ου 2016
.
- ↑
≪How Slavery Affected African American Families, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center≫
. National Humanities Center
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 31 Οκτωβρ?ου 2012
.
- ↑
6,0
6,1
6,2
6,3
(
Αγγλικ?
)
Archives of Maryland Biographical Series
.
13800
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 1 Απριλ?ου 2023.
- ↑
≪
African American Authors, 1745-1945
≫
(
Αγγλικ?
)
Greenwood Press
.
Γου?στπορτ
. 2000. σελ. 113. ISBN-10
0-313-30910-8
.
- ↑
8,0
8,1
8,2
≪
The Political Graveyard
≫
douglass.html#181.46.16
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 1 Απριλ?ου 2023.
- ↑
(
Αγγλικ?
)
Internet Movie Database
.
nm5876407
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 1 Απριλ?ου 2023.
- ↑
plus
.si
.cobiss
.net
/opac7
/conor
/67914595
.
- ↑
CONOR.SI
.
67914595
.
- ↑
www
.nls
.uk
/exhibitions
/treasures
/frederick-douglass
/autobiography
.
- ↑
cbw
.iath
.virginia
.edu
/women
_display
.php?id=10363
.
- ↑
Willard B. Gatewood Jr. (January 1981). ≪Frederick Douglass and the Building of a 'Wall of Anti-Slavery Fire', 1845?1846. An Essay Review≫.
The Florida Historical Quarterly
59
(3): 340?44.
- ↑
Matlack, J.. (1979). The Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass. Phylon (1960?), 40(1), 16.
http://doi.org/10.2307/274419
"He spoke too well....Since he did not talk, look, or act like a slave (in the eyes of Northern audiences), Douglass was denounced as an imposter."
- ↑
Trotman, C. James (2011).
Frederick Douglass: A Biography
. Penguin Books. σελ?δε? 118?119.
ISBN
978-0-313-35036-8
.
- ↑
Frederick Douglass (1855).
The Anti-Slavery Movement, A Lecture by Frederick Douglass before the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 6 Οκτωβρ?ου 2010
.
From page 33: "My point here is, first, the Constitution is, according to its reading, an anti-slavery document; and, secondly, to dissolve the Union, as a means to abolish slavery, is about as wise as it would be to burn up this city, in order to get the thieves out of it. But again, we hear the motto, 'no union with slave-holders;' and I answer it, as the noble champion of liberty,
N. P. Rogers
, answered it with a more sensible motto, namely?
'
No union with slave-holding.
'
I would unite with anybody to do right; and with nobody to do wrong."
- ↑
≪Addresses of the Hon. W. D. Kelley, Miss Anna E. Dickinson, and Mr. Frederick Douglass : at a mass meeting, held at National Hall, Philadelphia, July 6, 1863, for the promotion of colored enlistments≫
. Ανακτ?θηκε στι? 17 Μαρτ?ου 2015
.
- ↑
≪Frederick Douglass Project: "Fourth of July" Speech ? RBSCP≫
.
Ακαδημα?κ?:
- Chaffin, Tom.
Giant's Causeway: Frederick Douglass's Irish Odyssey and the Making of an American Visionary.
Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2014.
- Foner, Philip Sheldon.
The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass
. New York: International Publishers, 1950.
- Gates Jr., Henry Louis, ed.
Frederick Douglass, Autobiography.
Library of America
, 1994.
- Gregory, James Monroe.
Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings
. Willey & Company, 1893.
- Baker Jr., Houston A. "Introduction,"
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
, New York: Penguin, 1986 edition.
- Finkenbine, Roy E. "Douglass, Frederick";
American National Biography Online February 2000. Access Date: March 16 2016
; a brief scholarly biography.
- uggins, Nathan Irvin, and Oscar Handlin.
Slave and Citizen: The Life of Frederick Douglass.
Library of American Biography. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.
- Lampe, Gregory P.
Frederick Douglass: Freedom's Voice.
Rhetoric and Public Affairs Series. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1998.
- Levine, Robert S.
Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
- McFeely, William S.
Frederick Douglass.
New York: W.W. Norton, 1991. A major scholarly biography.
- McMillen, Sally Gregory.
Seneca Falls and the origins of the women's rights movement.
Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Oakes, James.
The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics.
New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.
- Quarles, Benjamin.
Frederick Douglass.
Washington: Associated Publishers, 1948.
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; edited by Theodore Stanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, As Revealed in Her Letters, Diary and Reminiscences
, Harper & Brothers, 1922.
- Vogel, Todd, ed.
The Black Press: New Literary and Historical Essays
. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.
- Webber, Thomas,
Deep Like Rivers: Education in the Slave Quarter Community 1831?1865.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. (1978).
- Woodson, C. G.,
The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861: A History of the Education of the Colored People of the United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War
. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1915.
Για νεαρο?? αναγν?στε?:
- Miller, William.
Frederick Douglass: The Last Day of Slavery
. Illus. by Cedric Lucas. Lee & Low Books, 1995.
- Weidt, Maryann N.
Voice of Freedom: a Story about Frederick Douglass.
Illus. by Jeni Reeves. Lerner Publications, 2001.
Ντοκιμαντ?ρ:
- Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
[videorecording] / Writer/Director John J Doherty, produced by Camel Productions, Ireland. Irish Film Board/TG4/BCI.; 2008
- Frederick Douglass
[videorecording] / produced by Greystone Communications, Inc. for A&E Network ; executive producers, Craig Haffner and Donna E. Lusitana.; 1997
- Frederick Douglass: When the Lion Wrote History
[videorecording] / a co-production of ROJA Productions and WETA-TV.
- Frederick Douglass, Abolitionist Editor
[videorecording]/a production of Schlessinger Video Productions.
- Race to Freedom
[videorecording]: the story of the
Underground Railroad
/ an Atlantis
Διαδικτυακ?? πηγ?? για τον Ντ?γκλα?
- Fourth of July Speech
, "What to the slave is the 4th of July?," 5 Ιουλ?ου 1852 (ομιλ?α)
- Letter to Thomas Auld (September 3, 1848)
- The Frederick Douglass Papers Edition
- ?ργα του/τη? Frederick Douglass
στο
Project Gutenberg
- ?ργα τη?/του ? για την/τον Φρ?ντερικ Ντ?γκλα?
στο
Internet Archive
- Works by Frederick Douglass
στο
Online Books Page
- Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.
Written by Himself.
Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1845.
- The Heroic Slave. From Autographs for Freedom
, Ed. Julia Griffiths.
Boston: John P. Jewett and Company. Cleveland, Ohio: Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington. London: Low and Company., 1853.
- My Bondage and My Freedom. Part I. Life as a Slave. Part II. Life as a Freeman.
New York: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1855.
- Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the Present Time
.
Hartford, Conn.: Park Publishing Co., 1881.
- Frederick Douglass lecture on Haiti
[
νεκρ?? σ?νδεσμο?
]
? Given at the World's Fair in Chicago, Ιανου?ριο? 1893.
- The Frederick Douglass Diary
(1886?87)
Αρχειοθετ?θηκε
2015-06-11 στο
Wayback Machine
.
- The Liberator Files
, Items concerning Frederick Douglass from Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's
The Liberator
, original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Video.
In the Words of Frederick Douglass
στο
YouTube
January 27, 2012.
- Frederick Douglass frequently spoke in Bloomington - Pantagraph
(Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
Resource Guides
Πληροφορ?ε? βιογραφ?α?
Στη μν?μη του Φρ?ντερικ Ντ?γκλα?