Digital Audio Broadcasting
(
DAB
) je
digitalni rozhlasova
technologie pro plo?ne vysilani
rozhlasovych stanic
u?ivana v n?kolika zemich po cele Evrop?, Asii a Tichomo?i, v?etn? ?eske republiky. Ve formatech DAB, DAB+ a
DMB
v sou?asne dob? vysila p?es 2 270 rozhlasovych stanic po celem sv?t? a celosv?tov? bylo prodano vice ne? 70 milion? rozhlasovych p?ijima?? DAB / DAB+.
[1]
DAB vysila v III. pasmu
VKV
(VHF) (174?240 MHz) nebo men? ?asto v pasmu L v
UKV
(UHF) (1452?1492 MHz).
Standard DAB byl vytvo?en v 80. letech a za n?kolik let ji? byly p?ijima?e dostupne v mnoha zemich. Jeho zastanci deklarovali, ?e standard nabizi n?kolik vyhod oproti existujicimu
analogovemu
FM
radiu: vice stanic na jedne vlnove delce
spektra
, zvy?ena odolnost proti
?umu
, vicecestnemu ?i?eni, utlumu a vzajemnym interferencim kanal?. P?i poslechovych testech odbornik? v audio oblasti provad?nych na stacionarnich p?ijima?ich v okoli
Osla
v
Norsku
na p?elomu roku 2006/2007 se v?ak ukazala ni??i zvukova kvalita DAB ve srovnani FM, proto?e 82 % stanic u?ivalo
p?enosovou rychlost
128 kbit/s nebo men?i, p?i?em?
audioformat
MPEG Audio layer II (MP2)
vy?aduje k dosa?eni kvality
CD
rychlost dvojnasobnou a k dosa?eni kvality srovnatelne s FM rychlost alespo? 160 kbit/s.
[2]
Podobn? ?patna situace je i v jinych zemich, nap?iklad ve Velke Britanii bylo v roce 2006 plnych 98 % stanic s rychlosti jen 128 kbit/s.
[3]
Vylep?ena verze systemu, zvana
DAB+
, byla uvedena v unoru 2007. Neni
zp?tn? kompatibilni
s DAB, tak?e p?ijima?e ur?ene jen pro DAB nemohou p?ijimat vysilani DAB+. DAB+ je p?ibli?n? dvakrat efektivn?j?i ne? DAB diky pou?iti audioformatu
MPEG-4 HE-AACv2
. Odolnost kvality p?ijmu zlep?ilo za?len?ni
Reedova?Solomonova samoopravneho kodu
. Vysilani v DAB+ ji? zahajila v?t?ina stat? zapadni, ji?ni i severni Evropy, a dal?i staty v?etn? ?eska.
- Sou?asti vysilani DAB byva obvykle i grafika (tzv. MOT slideshow; ozna?ovano take jako PAD-SLS (Programme Associated Data ? Slideshow)). Obrazky maji dle standardu rozli?eni 320×240 px.
- N?kdy je multiplexem ve specialnim kanalu vysilano i
EPG
.
- Dopravni informace (TPEG)
- Sou?asti vysilani m??e byt i textove zpravodajstvi (protokolem
Journaline
, technologie spole?nosti
Fraunhofer
), znam?j?i spi?e z vysilani
DRM
.
V zahrani?i se vyu?iva k vysilani DAB hlavn? byvale 3. TV pasmo. V Italii a Holandsku se pou?iva byvale 3. TV pasmo i pasmo L. V Kanad? se zatim vysila jen v pasmu L. Norsko v roce 2017, jako prvni zem? v Evrop? za?ala vypinat FM vysilani.
Prvni vysilani v pasmu L prob?hlo v Praze v kv?tnu
1999
, kdy
?eske radiokomunikace
spustily sv?j vysila? na
?i?kovske v??i
.
[5]
Vysilani v?t?iho rozsahu zahajila o mnoho let pozd?ji firma
Teleko
. Signal za?ala ?i?it postupn? v P?ibrami, Praze, Brn?, Ostrav?, Liberci a z ?erne hory v Krkono?ich, jeji vysilani DAB pokryvalo na za?atku roku 2013 p?es polovinu obyvatel ?R.
[6]
V roce 2013 se do projektu vysilani DAB p?ipojil dal?i poskytovatel, plze?ska
RTI cz s.r.o.
Od roku 2014 v Praze vysilaji DAB i
?eske Radiokomunikace
. Komer?ni vysilani probiha na n?kterych vysila?ich v byvalem 3. TV pasmu na jinych pak v pasmu L. Do budoucna je jasny plan pasmo L opustit a p?esunout se jen do 3. TV pasma.
Vysilani vysokym vykonem zahajil v srpnu 2015 jako prvni
?esky rozhlas
se svym
multiplexem ?Ro DAB+
z vysila?e Praha-?i?kov, ktere v let? 2017 p?e?lo ve vysilani ?adne. B?hem podzimu 2017 bylo digitalni vysilani ?eskeho rozhlasu roz?i?eno do Plzn?, Brna a Ostravy. Na zav?r roku 2018 pak do severnich, vychodnich ?ech a na trasu dalnice D1 mezi Prahou a Brnem. V ?echach multiplex ?eskeho rozhlasu vyu?iva na v?ech svych vysila?ich kanal 12C, na uzemi Moravy kanal 12D.
Celoplo?ne komer?ni digitalni vysilani na sv?j start stale ?eka.
V ?eske republice vysilaji celkem 4 multiplexy DAB+ radia
[7]
:
Stanice
|
logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev kratky
|
Bitova rychlost
|
Mod zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
Classic Praha
|
|
Classic Praha
|
Classic
|
128 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-B
|
16
|
244A
|
Color Music Radio
|
|
COLOR MusicRadio
|
COLOR
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
1
|
2442
|
Country Radio
|
|
Country Radio
|
Country
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 3-A
|
15
|
2F37
|
DAB Test HQ
|
|
DAB Test HQ
|
TestHQ
|
128 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
12
|
2F75
|
Expres FM
|
|
Expres FM
|
ExpresFM
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
4
|
203B
|
Hey Radio
|
|
HEY Radio
|
HEYRadio
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
2
|
24F8
|
Radio Kiss
|
|
Kiss
|
Kiss
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
14
|
2FA0
|
Schwarzwaldradio
|
|
Schwarzwaldradio
|
Schwarzw
|
80 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
8
|
100D
|
Radio Beat
|
|
Beat
|
Beat
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-B
|
6
|
2F31
|
Radio Spin
|
|
Spin Radio
|
Spin
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 3-A
|
3
|
2F43
|
Radio Sazava
|
|
'Radio SAZAVA
|
SAZAVA
|
72 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 3-A
|
13
|
2FBA
|
Black Hornet
|
|
Black Hornet
|
BHornet
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-B
|
17
|
2FD1
|
Musiconly
|
|
MUSICONLY
|
MUSICONL
|
72 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 3-A
|
7
|
2F77
|
Stanice
|
Logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
Radio Beat
|
|
Radio BEAT
|
BEAT
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
13
|
2F31
|
Radio Blanik
|
|
BLANIK DAB
|
BLANIK D
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
9
|
2F3C
|
Radio Bonton
|
|
RADIO BONTON
|
BONTON
|
40 kbit/s
|
Mono
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
0
|
2430
|
Hitradio City 93,7 FM
|
|
HITRADIO CITY
|
HITRADIO
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
10
|
2F32
|
Classic Praha
|
|
Classic Praha
|
Classic
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
12
|
244A
|
?esky Impuls
|
|
Cesky Impuls
|
CeskyImp
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
3
|
2FB4
|
Radio Dechovka
|
|
Radio Dechovka
|
Dechovka
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
4
|
24B2
|
Evropa 2
|
|
EVROPA 2
|
EVROPA 2
|
80 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
6
|
2204
|
Expres FM
|
|
Expres FM
|
ExpresFM
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
11
|
203B
|
Frekvence 1
|
|
FREKVENCE 1
|
F1
|
80 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
5
|
2205
|
Radio Impuls
|
|
Radio Impuls
|
Impuls
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
1
|
2203
|
Pigy radio
|
|
PIGY RADIO
|
PIGY
|
40 kbit/s
|
Mono
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
8
|
2FB7
|
RockZone 105,9
|
|
ROCKZONE
|
ROCKZONE
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
2
|
2445
|
Dance Radio
|
|
DANCE RADIO
|
DANCE
|
40 kbit/s
|
Mono
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
7
|
2401
|
Obsah vysilanych regionalnich stanic v multiplexu je rozd?len na oblast ?echy a oblast Morava.
Stanice
|
logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
?Ro Radio?urnal
|
|
CRo-RADIOZURNAL
|
R-ZURNAL
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
1
|
232F
|
?Ro Dvojka
|
|
CRo-DVOJKA
|
R-DVOJKA
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
2
|
232E
|
?Ro Vltava
|
|
CRo-VLTAVA
|
R-VLTAVA
|
72 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
3
|
232D
|
?Ro Plus
|
|
CRo-PLUS
|
R-PLUS
|
40 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
4
|
2424
|
?Ro Wave
|
|
CRo-WAVE
|
R-WAVE
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
5
|
2F23
|
?Ro D-dur
|
|
CRo-DDUR
|
R-DDUR
|
72 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
7
|
2F26
|
?Ro Jazz
|
|
CRo-JAZZ
|
R-JAZZ
|
64 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
8
|
2F27
|
?Ro Radio Junior
|
|
CRo-JUNIOR
|
R-JUNIOR
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
6
|
2F25
|
?Ro Pohoda
|
|
CRo-POHODA
|
R-POHODA
|
40 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
11
|
2F1B
|
?Ro Radio Praha
|
|
CRo-RADIO PRAHA
|
R-PRAHA
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
10
|
2F1A
|
?Ro Radio?urnal Sport
|
|
CRo-RZ SPORT
|
R-SPORT
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
24
|
2F2C
|
?Ro Brno
**
|
|
CRo-BRNO
|
R-BRNO
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
13
|
2A0F
|
?Ro ?eske Bud?jovice
*
|
|
CRo-C.BUDEJOVICE
|
R-CB
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
16
|
250D
|
?Ro Liberec
*
|
|
CRo-LIBEREC
|
R-LBC
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
19
|
2706
|
?Ro Olomouc
**
|
|
CRo-OLOMOUC
|
R-OL
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
20
|
2B07
|
?Ro Ostrava
**
|
|
CRo-OSTRAVA
|
R-OVA
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
14
|
290D
|
?Ro Pardubice
*
|
|
CRo-PARDUBICE
|
R-PCE
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
21
|
280C
|
?Ro Plze?
*
|
|
CRo-PLZEN
|
R-PLZEN
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
12
|
2608
|
?Ro Region
*
|
|
CRo-REGION
|
R-REGION
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
9
|
243F
|
?Ro Vyso?ina
**
|
|
CRo-VYSOCINA
|
R-VYSOC
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
15
|
2D09
|
?Ro Zlin
**
|
|
CRo-ZLIN
|
R-ZLIN
|
48 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 2-A
|
23
|
2E02
|
Vysilani Ukrajinskeho rozhlasu
***
|
|
UKRAJINSKE-RADIO
|
UKR-R
|
16 kbit/s
|
Mono
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 2-A
|
25
|
2FE0
|
*) Pouze v multiplexu oblast ?echy, kanal 12C
**) Pouze v multiplexu oblast Morava, kanal 12D
***) od b?ezna 2022
Multiplex je svym programovym obsahem rozd?len do dvou region?
RTI cz DAB1
a
RTI cz DAB2
.
RTI cz DAB1:
Stanice
|
Logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
Radio 1
|
|
RADIO 1
|
RADIO 1
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
3
|
2339
|
Radio 7
|
|
Radio 7
|
Radio 7
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
5
|
2FB9
|
Radio Beat
|
|
Radio BEAT
|
BEAT
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
2
|
2F31
|
DAB Plus Top 40
|
|
DAB plus TOP40
|
TOP40
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
13
|
2FB5
|
?Ro Karlovy Vary
|
|
CRo-KARLOVY VARY
|
R-KVARY
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
1
|
2E0B
|
Radio Proglas
|
|
Radio PROGLAS
|
PROGLAS
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
4
|
2AA1
|
Signal radio
|
|
Signal Radio
|
Signal
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
7
|
2511
|
RTI cz DAB2:
Stanice
|
Logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
Radio 1
|
|
RADIO 1
|
RADIO 1
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
5
|
2039
|
Radio 7
|
|
Radio 7
|
Radio 7
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
6
|
2FB9
|
Radio Beat
|
|
Radio BEAT
|
BEAT
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
3
|
2431
|
DAB Plus Top 40
|
|
DAB plus TOP40
|
TOP40
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
2
|
2FB5
|
?Ro Karlovy Vary
|
|
CRo-KARLOVY VARY
|
R-KVARY
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
4
|
2E0B
|
Radio Proglas
|
|
Radio PROGLAS
|
Proglas
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
1
|
2AA1
|
Signal radio
|
|
|
SIGNAL
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
|
2311
|
Radio Ukrajina
|
|
RADIO UKRAJINA
|
UKRAJINA
|
48 kbit/s
|
Mono
|
HE-AAC v1
|
EEP 1-A
|
7
|
2F70
|
Multiplex je svym programovym obsahem rozd?len do dvou region?
DAB1
a
DAB2
.
Teleko DAB1:
Stanice
|
Logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
DAB Plus Top 40
|
|
DAB plus TOP40
|
TOP40
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 2-A
|
13
|
2FB5
|
?Ro Hradec Kralove
|
|
CRo-H.KRALOVE
|
R-HK
|
80 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
1
|
280A
|
Radio Proglas
|
|
Radio PROGLAS
|
PROGLAS
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
4
|
2AA1
|
?Ro Sever
|
|
CRo-SEVER
|
R-SEVER
|
72 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
2
|
2709
|
ZUN radio
|
|
ZUN radio
|
ZUN
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
0
|
2F76
|
Radio 7
|
|
Radio 7
|
Radio 7
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
5
|
2FB9
|
Radio Energic
|
|
ENERGIC
|
ENERGIC
|
88 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
AAC-LC
|
EEP 1-A
|
3
|
2FD0
|
Teleko DAB2:
Stanice
|
Logo
|
Nazev
|
Nazev
kratky
|
Bitova
rychlost
|
Mod
zvuku
|
Kodek
|
Ochrana
|
ID
|
SID
|
DAB Plus Top 40
|
|
DAB plus TOP40
|
TOP40
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 1-A
|
13
|
2FB5
|
?Ro Hradec Kralove
|
|
CRo-H.KRALOVE
|
R-HK
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 1-A
|
1
|
280A
|
Radio Proglas
|
|
Radio PROGLAS
|
PROGLAS
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 1-A
|
4
|
2AA1
|
?Ro Sever
|
|
CRo-SEVER
|
R-SEVER
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 1-A
|
2
|
2709
|
ZUN radio
|
|
Z U N
|
Z U N
|
96 kbit/s
|
Stereo
|
HE-AAC v2
|
EEP 1-A
|
|
2F76
|
III. pasmo (Evropa)
[8]
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
174,928 MHz
|
5A
|
199,360 MHz
|
8C
|
220,352 MHz
|
11C
|
176,640 MHz
|
5B
|
201,072 MHz
|
8D
|
222,064 MHz
|
11D
|
178,352 MHz
|
5C
|
202,928 MHz
|
9A
|
223,936 MHz
|
12A
|
180,064 MHz
|
5D
|
204,640 MHz
|
9B
|
224,096 MHz
|
12N
|
181,936 MHz
|
6A
|
206,352 MHz
|
9C
|
225,648 MHz
|
12B
|
183,648 MHz
|
6B
|
208,064 MHz
|
9D
|
227,360 MHz
|
12C
|
185,360 MHz
|
6C
|
209,936 MHz
|
10A
|
229,072 MHz
|
12D
|
187,072 MHz
|
6D
|
210,096 MHz
|
10N
|
230,784 MHz
|
13A
|
188,928 MHz
|
7A
|
211,648 MHz
|
10B
|
232,496 MHz
|
13B
|
190,640 MHz
|
7B
|
213,360 MHz
|
10C
|
234,208 MHz
|
13C
|
192,352 MHz
|
7C
|
215,072 MHz
|
10D
|
235,776 MHz
|
13D
|
194,064 MHz
|
7D
|
216,928 MHz
|
11A
|
237,488 MHz
|
13E
|
195,936 MHz
|
8A
|
217,088 MHz
|
11N
|
239,200 MHz
|
13F
|
197,648 MHz
|
8B
|
218,640 MHz
|
11B
|
|
|
L pasmo (Evropa)
[8]
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
Frekvence
|
Kanal
|
1452,960 MHz
|
LA
|
1466,656 MHz
|
LI
|
1480,352 MHz
|
LQ
|
1454,672 MHz
|
LB
|
1468,368 MHz
|
LJ
|
1482,064 MHz
|
LR
|
1456,384 MHz
|
LC
|
1470,080 MHz
|
LK
|
1483,776 MHz
|
LS
|
1458,096 MHz
|
LD
|
1471,792 MHz
|
LL
|
1485,448 MHz
|
LT
|
1459,808 MHz
|
LE
|
1473,504 MHz
|
LM
|
1487,200 MHz
|
LU
|
1461,520 MHz
|
LF
|
1475,216 MHz
|
LN
|
1488,912 MHz
|
LV
|
1463,232 MHz
|
LG
|
1476,928 MHz
|
LO
|
1490,624 MHz
|
LW
|
1464,944 MHz
|
LH
|
1478,640 MHz
|
LP
|
|
|
V tomto ?lanku byl pou?it
p?eklad
textu z ?lanku
Digital Audio Broadcasting
na anglicke Wikipedii.
- ↑
Country Information for DAB, DAB+ and DMB - Service Overview
[online]. London: WorldDMB Forum [cit. 2009-06-18].
Dostupne v archivu
po?izenem dne 2009-06-10. (anglicky)
- ↑
HOLM, Sverre.
Lydkvalitetet i DAB digitalradio
[online]. Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, Institutt for informatikk, 2007-01-30 [cit. 2009-06-18].
Dostupne v archivu
po?izenem dne 2009-06-04.
ISBN
82-7368-307-9
. (shrnuti anglicky, cela prace norsky)
- ↑
Audio Quality on DAB Stereo Stations Around the World
[online]. digitalradiotech.co.uk, rev. 2006-12-21 [cit. 2009-06-18].
Dostupne online
. (anglicky)
- ↑
Country Information for DAB, DAB+ and DMB
[online]. London: WorldDMB Forum, rev. 2009-01-14 [cit. 2009-06-18].
Dostupne v archivu
po?izenem dne 2009-07-01. (anglicky)
- ↑
Kdy bude v ?esku digitalni rozhlas T-DAB (24.6.2006)?
[online]. [cit. 2015-02-04].
Dostupne v archivu
po?izenem dne 2015-02-04.
- ↑
Digitalni rozhlas naladi u? polovina obyvatel ?eska. Podivejte se, kde v?ude ? DigiZone.cz
- ↑
KROPA?EK, Roman. Rozhlasove stanice.
Digital Radio DAB
[online]. [cit. 2019-07-11].
Dostupne online
.
- ↑
a
b
T-DAB bands
[online]. [cit. 2014-11-21].
Dostupne online
.