Ch?ng-k?? Ming-d??ng-ng?? Hang-ce gi b?ng-bu?ng. / 參考?東語 漢字 其版本。

Dai-ming 大明
1368 nieng?1644 nieng
huong-da? gi eng
Si?-d?	Eng-ti?ng (Nang-g?ng, 1368-1644) Siong-ti?ng (Bae?k-g?ng, 1403-1644)
Gu?ng-hu?ng ng??-ngiong	Hang-ng??
Ceng-h?	g?ng-ci?-cie
huong-da?
? 1368?1398	Hung-?
? 1402?1424	?ng-l?k
? 1572?1620	Uang-l?k
? 1627?1644	Sung-d?ng
L?k-s??
? Giong-l?k	1368 nieng
?  ?ng-l?k chuang-oi	1402
?  T?-m?k-b?? c? bieng	1449
? ke??k Dai-song mi?k-uong	1644 nieng
Mieng-cek
1415	6,500,000 km 2 (2,500,000 sq mi)
Ing-k?u
? 1393	65,000,000
? 1403	66,598,337
? 1500	125,000,000
? 1600	160,000,000
Huo-be	uong , li?ng , ch?u-pieu
c?-seng guok-g? c?-au guok-g? Nguong-dieu Nang-ming Dai-song Haiu-g?ng Buo-do?-nga li?ng O?-muong
D?ng s??k	D??ng-guok

Ming-dieu (明朝) ia ho? l?? Dai-ming (大明) h??k-ci? Ming-guok (明國), se D??ng-guok l?k-s?? ga?-d?ng gi si?h ciah h?ng-giong uong-dieu , ia se co?i-haiu si?h ciah Hang-c?k ne?ng co? huong-da? gi uong-dieu.

Ming-dieu gi tau ciah huong-da? se Hung-? huong-da? Ci? Nguong-ci?ng . Ci? ne?ng se g?ng-dang ?ng-h?i Hong-iong ne?ng. Co?-sa? seng-au chio bek, ba-n?? d? g?k co?-c?i gi seng-au ngo? s?. H? seng-au D??ng-guok se iu Mung-g? ne?ng gi Nguong-dieu (ia ho? l?? Hu-nguong) t?ng-de gi, bah-sang s?ng-u?k i? kek-k?i, go-ch?? i? sa? ne?ng co?-hu?ng. Ci? Nguong-ci?ng g?ng-guo go-d?? gi kah-dieu-b?ng T?ng Huo gi do?i-chi?, di?h 1352 nieng ko? Guoh C??-h?ng h?-uai tau-g?ng. Guoh C??-h?ng i? kang-dae?ng ?, niong ? co? ci?ng-g?ng. Bok-guo gau-mu?i-l?u ? gieng-gae?k Guoh C??-h?ng ci? ne?ng mo?-no?h-s?i, ceu d?k-l?k chok li ce-g? huak-di?ng. ? s?ng ci?ng Ding I?-liong , Di?ng Se??-sing c? si?h deng mi?k dai, gai puai buo-doi pah Bae?k-g?ng , ci?ng Nguong-dieu co?i-haiu si?h ciah huong-da? Nguong Song-da? d??k ko? M?k-bae?k . 1368 nieng, g?k Eng-ti?ng (應天, g?ng-dang gi Nang-g?ng ) d?ng-g?, guok-ho? ?Dai-Ming (大明)“, nieng-ho? (年號) ho? l?? ?Hung-? (洪武)“. Ming-dieu ceu ci?ng-uang s?ng-s?ng l?u.

Ci? Nguong-ci?ng cai-oi gi seng-au, a? gi?ng gi?ng-die gi huong-oi ke??k ne?ng d?k ko?, ci?ng o g?ng gi ne?ng d? tai ch?-bok-d?? l?u, bo puai ce-g? gi gi?ng ko? gauk de co? hu?ng-uong. 1398 nieng ? taung-kuang ?-haiu, ?ng-oi duai-gi?ng ?-g?ng s?ng go?, ceu niong di?ng-s?ng Giong-ung Huong-da? ciek-b?ng. Giong-ung do?i ce-g? gi g?i ciah g?-g? i? ma? huong-s?ng, cioh gauk c??ng l?-iu ci?ng ?-gauk-ne?ng gi hu?ng d?? dai. Gi-d??ng si?h ciah g?-g? Ci? La? g?k 1398 nieng di?h Song-ti?ng (g?ng-dang gi Bae?k-g?ng) co?-hu?ng, co?i-c??ng di?h 1402 nieng pah gau Eng-ti?ng, ci?ng huong-oi d?k ko?. Ci? Ci? La? ceu se l?k-s?? ga?-d?ng chok-miang gi ?ng-l?k Huong-da? .

Giong-ung ne?ng bieng mo?-do?i-t??, o gi ne?ng g?ng ? c?u ko? S??-iong , go-ch?? ?ng-l?k puai Dang Huo , di?h 1405 nieng l?k S??-iong ko? t??. Iu h? nieng k?i-s??, Dang Huo l?k s??-iong l?k chek-huoi, gau guo i? sa? go-d?? tau-d?? mo? ti?ng guo gi guok-g?. Bok-guo, Giong-ung do?-d?? g?k die-n??, co?i-mu?i ci?ng-gi, gau hieng-cai go mo? ne?ng a? hi?u.

?ng-l?k gi seng-au se Ming-dieu co?i huak-d?k gi si-g?. 1449 nieng, Ming ?ng-c?ng ko? pah Mung-g?, ce-g? ke??k Mung-g? b?ng ni?h ko?. Iu cuoi ?-haiu Ming-dieu huak-di?ng mo? ?-seng h?? l?u. Gau-mu?i-l?u bo g? l?? u?-kaiu tie-l?u ch?ng-l?k nang-hu?ng, Mu?ng-ci? (ceu se ?-haiu gi Mu?ng-ch?ng) ch?ng-l?k d??ng-bae?k, guok-g? k?i-s?? mu?ng co? mu?ng ngai.

Ti?ng-ki? Huong-da? cai-oi gi seng-au, huong-da? ma? baik ce, go-ch?? niong tai-gang Nguoi D??ng-hieng do?i-chi? ? che??-l? ceng-de. 1627 nieng, Sung-d?ng Huong-da? siong-dai, ci?ng ci? Nguoi D??ng-hieng tai dai. Sung-d?ng bu?ng-d?? buoh si?ng h??-h?? g?i-gaik si?h ha, mo?-ni?-ai ceng-de h?-bai, go?-long guok duai co?-c?i, si?h-chek-che?? nung-ming duai co?-hu?ng. Co?i c??ng di?h 1644 nieng, L? Ce??-sing gi nung-ming-g?ng pah gia Bae?k-g?ng, Sung-d?ng ce??-sak. L?k-s??-h?k-g? d? ci?ng c? si?h nieng d?ng co? Ming-dieu mi?k-uong gi nieng.

L? Ce??-sing di? Bae?k-g?ng ?-haiu, ? gi buo-ha ci?ng i? sa? d?ng-gu?ng-gi cai-s?ng d?k ko?, bo g?k Bae?k-g?ng siang di?-sie laung-bok-co?. Ming-dieu si? S?ng-h?i-gu?ng gi ci?ng-g?ng Ngu S?ng-gie , ? gi sa?-bo? Ding Uong-uong ceu ke??k L? Ce??-sing gi buo-ha Lau C?ng-m?ng d?k ko?, ? nong-ba Ngu Si?ng ia seu gau L? Ce??-sing gi pauk-hai. Ngu S?ng-gie g?ng-hu?-c??ng, bong Mu?ng-ch?ng buo-doi di? gu?ng, ci?ng L? Ce??-sing mi?k lai. Mu?ng-ch?ng bo puai b?ng hiong nang, ci?ng go?-long ciah D??ng-guok pah gia li.

Ming-dieu mi?k-uong ?-haiu, go o i? sa? dai-sing gae?ng ci?ng-g?ng di?h nang-hu?ng l?k Ming-dieu gi ch?ng-uong co? huong-da?, hu?ng-kaung Mu?ng-ch?ng, co?i c??ng d? ke??k Mu?ng-ch?ng mi?k dai. C? g?i ciah ceng-guong d? ke??k g?ng-dang ne?ng ho? l?? ? Nang-ming “(南明). 1662 nieng, ?ng-l?k Huong-da? di?h Hung-nang ke??k Ngu S?ng-gie tai dai, Nang-ming s?k-cie mi?k-uong. G?k Dai-u?ng gi Dang Sing-g?ng , ch?i-iong-g?ng go se s?i Ming-dieu gi nieng-ho?, dang-se ci? Dang Sing-g?ng d?k-ling-e ng-l?k Ming-dieu huong-da?, s?k-cie ? ciah se Dai-u?ng ? D?ng-ning Uong-guok “ (東寧王國) gi s?k-cie t?ng-de-ci?.

1683 nieng, Mu?ng-ch?ng pah gia Dai-u?ng, Dang Kaik-s?ng dau-hong, D?ng-ning Uong-guok mi?k-uong.

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