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Romania

*Romania* ( ???????? )
???????? ; Romania ; Romania ( ???????? )
	???????? ?? ?????? (dark green) ? ????? (green & dark grey) ??? ; ? ???????? ?????? (green) ??? ? [ ????? ]
??????? ; ? ???? ??? ???	????????? ; (Bucharest) ; 44°25′N 26°06′E ? / ? 44.417°N 26.100°E
??????? ????	????????
??????? ????????? ; ????	???? ????? ????????? ; ????????? ; ?????????? ; ??? ; ?????? ; ????? ; ?????? ; ??????? ; ?????????? ; ???????? ; ????? ; ?????? ; ???? ; ????? ; ??????? ; ??????? ; ????? ; ?????? ; ??????????? ; ??????? ;
????? ????? (2011 )	88.9% ????????? ; 6.1% ??????? ; 3.0% ???? ; 0.2% ??????????? ; 0.2% ????? ;
??? ?????	Romanian
?????	??????? ??-??????????? ; ????????
Establishment history
? First Romanian polities	10th century ? 1330
? Principality of Wallachia	1330
? Principality of Moldavia	1346
? Principality of Transylvania (1570?1711)	1570
? First union under Michael the Brave	1600
? United Principalities a	24 January 1859
? Independence from ; the Ottoman Empire	9 May 1877 / 1878 b
? Kingdom of Romania	14 March 1881
? Great Union c	1 December 1918 d
????
? ???	238,397 ???? 2 (92,046 ???? ???) ( 81st )
? ?? (%)	3
????????
? 2017 ??????	19,638,000 ( 59th )
? 2011 ??????	20,121,641 ( 58??? )
? Density	84.4/???? 2 (218.6/???? ???) (117???)
?????? ( ?????? )	2018 ??????
? ???	$517.505 billion ( 42??? )
? ????? ???????	$26,499 ( 61st )
?????? (??????)	2018 ??????
? ???	$245.590 billion ( 49??? )
? Per capita	$12,575 ( 67??? )
???? (2013)	34 ; medium
?????? (2017)	0.811 ; very high · 52???
??????	????] ( RON )
???? ???	EET ( ?????? +2)
? ?????? ??? (??????)	EEST ( ?????? +3)
????? ???????	dd.mm.yyyy ( AD )
?????????	right
?????? ???	+40
Patron saint	Saint Andre
ISO 3166 ???	RO
??????? ??????	.ro e
	The double election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza in Moldavia and Wallachia (respectively, 5 and 24 January 1859). ; Independence proclaimed on 9 May 1877, internationally recognised in 1878. ; The union of Romania with Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania in 1918. ; Monarchy was abolished on 30 December 1947 upon the proclamation of the People's Republic and was changed with the 1965 Constitution of Romania] upon its adoption on 21 August 1965 as the Socialist Republic. The Communist regime fell on 22 December 1989, the new democratic government was installed on 20 May 1990 and the new post-communist constitution was adopted on 21 November 1991. Romania joined the European Union on 1 January 2007. ; Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states. ;

?????????? : 46°N 25°E ? / ? 46°N 25°E ? / 46; 25

???????? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ? ??????-????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????-????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??; ?????? ??? ?????????? , ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ??????-?????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????-??????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? 238,397 ???? ???????? (92,046 ???? ??) ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???, ??? 20 ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? Ia?i, Timi?oara, Cluj-Napoca ? Constan?a ?????

?????? [ ?????? ???? ]

↑ "Constitution of Romania" . Cdep.ro. Archived from the original on 7 ?????? 2017 . Retrieved 2 ??????? 2013 .
↑ "Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 ? European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" . Council of Europe . Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 8 ?????? 2015 . Retrieved 3 ?????? 2015 .
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Romanian 2011 census (final results)" (PDF) (????????? ???). INSSE. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 ????? 2013 . Retrieved 28 ????? 2012 .
↑ "Annual official estimate" Archived 30 ????? 2017 at the Wayback Machine .(PDF) 2017 Revision
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 "Romania" . International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 3 ????? 2018 . Retrieved 30 ????? 2018 .
↑ https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=52&pr1.y=15&c=968&s=NGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=
↑ https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=52&pr1.y=15&c=968&s=NGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=
↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)" . Eurostat Data Explorer. Archived from the original on 4 ????? 2016 . Retrieved 8 ????? 2015 .
↑ "2016 Human Development Report" . United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 ????? 2017 . Retrieved 20 ?????? 2018 .

? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????

[1] "Constitution of Romania" . Cdep.ro. Archived from the original on 7 ?????? 2017 . Retrieved 2 ??????? 2013 .

[2] "Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 ? European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" . Council of Europe . Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 8 ?????? 2015 . Retrieved 3 ?????? 2015 .

[CensusRef-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Romanian 2011 census (final results)" (PDF) (????????? ???). INSSE. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 ????? 2013 . Retrieved 28 ????? 2012 .

[4] "Annual official estimate" Archived 30 ????? 2017 at the Wayback Machine .(PDF) 2017 Revision

[imfgdp-5] 5.0 ^5.1 "Romania" . International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 3 ????? 2018 . Retrieved 30 ????? 2018 .

[6] ttps://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=52&pr1.y=15&c=968&s=NGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=

[7] ttps://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=52&pr1.y=15&c=968&s=NGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=

[eurogini-8] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)" . Eurostat Data Explorer. Archived from the original on 4 ????? 2016 . Retrieved 8 ????? 2015 .

[HDI-9] "2016 Human Development Report" . United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 ????? 2017 . Retrieved 20 ?????? 2018 .

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