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??????? ( from ????? "???? ?? ????" ) ? ^[1] ?? ??? ?????? ^[1] ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??????? ???. ^[2]

??????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? . ???? tchotchke ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????: ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????. ^[2]

??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? : ??????? ???????? ? ????????? : ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ????????: ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ? ? ????? ????. ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? . ????? ??? ????????? ???????.

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??? ???? ??????????? ? ??? ????????? ( ????????? ???? ???? (???????) ? ??? ????????? ) ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ????? ?? ???????: ??????? . ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[3] ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

?????? [ ????? ]

?? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? omiyage (お土産) ? ? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? meibutsu ? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ????? omiyage ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????. ^[4] ?????? Omiyage ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????????? ? ?? ?????? ???? omiyage ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? pasalubong .

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Media related to Souvenirs at Wikimedia Commons

????? [ ????? ]

↑ ^? ^? "souvenir" . Online Etymology Dictionary . Archived from the original on 2010-11-18 . Retrieved 2011-03-05 .
↑ ^? ^? "Museum of the personal: the souvenir and nostalgia" . byte-time.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.
↑ "Aviation and Airline Memorabilia" . Collectors Weekly . Archived from the original on 2019-04-19 . Retrieved 2015-01-14 .
↑ Witkowski, Terrence H.; Yamamoto, Yoshito (1991). "Omiyage Gift Purchasing By Japanese Travelers in the U.S." NA-18. Archived from the original on 2017-10-19 . Retrieved 2015-04-29 . {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )

[etym-1] ? ^? "souvenir" . Online Etymology Dictionary . Archived from the original on 2010-11-18 . Retrieved 2011-03-05 .

[museum-2] ? ^? "Museum of the personal: the souvenir and nostalgia" . byte-time.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.

[3] "Aviation and Airline Memorabilia" . Collectors Weekly . Archived from the original on 2019-04-19 . Retrieved 2015-01-14 .

[4] Witkowski, Terrence H.; Yamamoto, Yoshito (1991). "Omiyage Gift Purchasing By Japanese Travelers in the U.S." NA-18. Archived from the original on 2017-10-19 . Retrieved 2015-04-29 . {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )

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[2]

[3]

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