?????

???????? ^[1]^[2] ?? ?????? ^[3] ?? ???????? ^[4] ?? ????????? ^[2] ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ( ??????????? : Torpedo )? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? . ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????.

???? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 100-500 ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???? 800 ????/???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ≪ ?????????? ≫ ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 800 ???/????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 130 ???/????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ≪????????≫ ????? ???? ?? ??? 1886 ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ^[5]^[6]^{[
????? ?????
]}

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????????

????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????? ?????? (?. 4)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? 2004? ?. 553? OCLC : 4770536347 ? QID : Q110402833
^ ^? ^? ???? ???? ?????? (2018). ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????: ??????? - ???? ???? ??????? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 837. ISBN : 978-9953-33-197-3 . OCLC : 1043304467 . OL : 19871709M . QID : Q12244028 .
^ ?????? ??????
^ ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (1979)? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?. 401? ??????? ??????????? Torpedo.
^ "Peral Submarine - The World's First Electric Battery Powered Submarine" . www.marineinsight.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-29 .
^ "Submarine | naval vessel" . Encyclopedia Britannica (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11 . Retrieved 2018-12-29 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] ?????? ?????? (?. 4)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? 2004? ?. 553? OCLC : 4770536347 ? QID : Q110402833

[:0-2] ? ^? ???? ???? ?????? (2018). ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????: ??????? - ???? ???? ??????? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 837. ISBN : 978-9953-33-197-3 . OCLC : 1043304467 . OL : 19871709M . QID : Q12244028 .

[3] ?????? ??????

[4] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (1979)? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?. 401? ??????? ??????????? Torpedo.

[5] "Peral Submarine - The World's First Electric Battery Powered Submarine" . www.marineinsight.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-29 .

[6] "Submarine | naval vessel" . Encyclopedia Britannica (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11 . Retrieved 2018-12-29 .

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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