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????????	3,088 ??? (10,131 ???)
?????	160 ???????
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	????? ????? - ?????

??? ????? ( ?????????? : ?????? ??? ?????? ) ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 160 ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? . ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? 3,088 ?. ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? . ^[1] ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? . ^[2]

??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? . ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? . ^[3] ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? . ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????.

?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? . ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? . ^[4]

????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 1860 . ^[5] ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1861 ????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? . ^[6] ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? - ??????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????-???????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????. ^[7] ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? :

????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1516 .
??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1861 ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[4]
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

^ De Vaux, 1961.
^ Forestry in the Middle East and North Africa: an ..., Volumes 23-521 Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Kazhdan, Alexander (Ed.) (1991), Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, p. 1297, ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6
^ ^? ^? ^? An Occasion for War, Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860, Leila Tarazi Fawaz. ISBN 0-520-20086-1
^ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1 ? Jamie Stokes ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ An Occasion for War, Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860, Leila Tarazi Fawaz. ( ???? 0-520-20086-1 )
^ ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? | ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 15 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??? ?????

[1] De Vaux, 1961.

[2] Forestry in the Middle East and North Africa: an ..., Volumes 23-521 Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[3] Kazhdan, Alexander (Ed.) (1991), Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, p. 1297, ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6

[1860_war-4] ? ^? ^? An Occasion for War, Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860, Leila Tarazi Fawaz. ISBN 0-520-20086-1

[5] Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1 ? Jamie Stokes ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[LTF-6] An Occasion for War, Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860, Leila Tarazi Fawaz. ( ???? 0-520-20086-1 )

[7] ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? | ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 15 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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