???? ????????

???? ????????
( ?????????? : Peter Grunberg )?
??????? ?????
???????	18 ???? 1939 ; ????
??????	7 ????? 2018 (78 ???) ; ?????
??????	???????
???????	?????????
??? ??	???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? - ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ‏
??? ???????	3
?????? ???????
??????? ????	????? ???????? ??????? ; ????? ???? ?? ????????? ; ????? ???????
????? ??????	??????? ???????
??????	??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????
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???? ?????	?????? ? ?????? ????
???? ??	????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????????
???????
	??? ???? ‏ (2011) ; ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ‏ (2009) ; ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ‏ (2008) ; ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? (2008) ; ???????? ??????? (2008) ; ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? (2008) ; ????? ??????? (2007) ; ????? ???? ?? ???????? (2007) ; ??????? ????? - ?????? (2007) ; ????? ???? ?? ???????? (2006) ; ????? ??????? ???????? ‏ (2006) ; ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ‏ (2003) ; ????? ???????? ????????? ‏ (1998) ; ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ‏ (1994) ; ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ‏
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ???????? ( ?????????? : Peter Grunberg ) ???? ?????? ????? ??? 1939. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? 2007 ???? ??????? ????????? ≪?? ?? ??≫ ( ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ≪???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ≫. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ( ???? ??????? ?????.

?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? . ^[14]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
???? ???????? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
???? ???????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ Encyclopædia Britannica | Peter Grunberg (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Peter Grunberg (??????????), QID : Q237227
^ Dalibor Brozovi?; Tomislav Ladan (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija | Peter Grunberg (??????????). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krle?a. ISBN : 978-953-6036-31-8 . OCLC : 247866724 . OL : 120005M . QID : Q1789619 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166
^ "Noted German physicist Peter Grunberg dies" (???????????). Deutsche Welle . 9 Apr 2018.
^ ^? ^? "Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Grunberg" (???????????).
^ "Physics of the iPod awarded Nobel Prize" . The New York Times (???????????). 9 Oct 2007 . Retrieved 2021-03-13 .
^ "100 EMINENTES CIENTIFICOS CRISTIANOS QUE CAMBIARON EL MUNDO" (??????????).
^ http://www.pro-physik.de/details/physiknews/10975383/Zum_Tod_von_Peter_Gruenberg.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.uni-saarland.de/universitaet/portraet/freunde/ehren/promotionen/nat-tech.html . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-04-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016
^ "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )
^ https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/mcgroddy.cfm . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-02-18 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Glauben Sie, Professor Grunberg, als Naturwissenschaftler an Gott? ? Peter Grunberg: Ja, naturlich. Ich bin streng katholisch aufgewachsen und denke, einiges dabei gewonnen zu haben. Aber ich halte es mit Lessings Ringparabel. Welcher der drei Ringe ist der echte? ? Grunberg states he believes in God, was raised strictly Catholic, and adheres to Lessing's Ring Parable in an interview with ??????? ???? and Peter Grunberg at cicero.de ???? ?????? 2007-11-30 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[wikidata-e3379ac4cb02f531fcf29cfa8ed2296a470a8938-1] Encyclopædia Britannica | Peter Grunberg (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[wikidata-de277b80646ef813415dfdae2f46097d5216d5a2-2] Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Peter Grunberg (??????????), QID : Q237227

[wikidata-e5fbc1d858e1937257060c723e80347d5f7c60fe-3] Dalibor Brozovi?; Tomislav Ladan (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija | Peter Grunberg (??????????). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krle?a. ISBN : 978-953-6036-31-8 . OCLC : 247866724 . OL : 120005M . QID : Q1789619 .

[wikidata-aa11e32369919839e7fbb24aec376c319b485aee-4] ? ^? ^? ^? ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166

[wikidata-a8821c6f8eb3a679f6b7b2d65a3ea47d9f5f9b72-5] "Noted German physicist Peter Grunberg dies" (???????????). Deutsche Welle . 9 Apr 2018.

[wikidata-cd919906ba2fac3520479e14db5581b81574d104-6] ? ^? "Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Grunberg" (???????????).

[wikidata-4ae7e7f51834f958e7c2b238b485899951da1eb4-7] "Physics of the iPod awarded Nobel Prize" . The New York Times (???????????). 9 Oct 2007 . Retrieved 2021-03-13 .

[wikidata-ef1808efe827b2bcc6517ff849437a9cbe0ea8e5-8] "100 EMINENTES CIENTIFICOS CRISTIANOS QUE CAMBIARON EL MUNDO" (??????????).

[wikidata-9d7022f6ba1c5f0480d7c1a39eda43cfae317274-9] ttp://www.pro-physik.de/details/physiknews/10975383/Zum_Tod_von_Peter_Gruenberg.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-daa9829dea231da971370739ed520f856a81cf4a-10] ttps://www.uni-saarland.de/universitaet/portraet/freunde/ehren/promotionen/nat-tech.html . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-04-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-d61e9cb9a80ce8e088e153726a0bec07325363ac-11] The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016

[wikidata-7b05ffad7c4943f418a2699f17b160a6af465afa-12] "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )

[wikidata-584567dda3316912b6dc99de35047baf700d32fc-13] ttps://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/mcgroddy.cfm . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-02-18 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[14] Glauben Sie, Professor Grunberg, als Naturwissenschaftler an Gott? ? Peter Grunberg: Ja, naturlich. Ich bin streng katholisch aufgewachsen und denke, einiges dabei gewonnen zu haben. Aber ich halte es mit Lessings Ringparabel. Welcher der drei Ringe ist der echte? ? Grunberg states he believes in God, was raised strictly Catholic, and adheres to Lessing's Ring Parable in an interview with ??????? ???? and Peter Grunberg at cicero.de ???? ?????? 2007-11-30 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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? ? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????????
??? 1970	??? ????? ?? (1978) ???? ??????? / ?????? ????????? (1979)
??? 1980	????? ???? / ??? ??????? / ????? ?????? (1980) ?????? ?????? / ?????? ???? / ?????? ??????? (1981) ???? ??????? / ????? ???? (1982) ????? ??? / ???? ???? / ?????? ?????? (1983?84) ?????? ????? / ????? ?????? (1984?85) ????? ???????? / ????? ??????? (1986) ????? ??????? / ????? ???? / ??????? ??????? (1987) ???? ????? / ????? ?????? (1988)
??? 1990	???? ?? ??? / ????? ?????? (1990) ????? ???? ???? / ??????? ????? (1991) ????? ????? (1992) ????? ????????? (1993) ?????? ???????? / ???????? ????? (1994?95) ??? ????????? ???? (1996?97) ????? ???????? / ????? ???? (1998) ?????? ??????? (1999)
??? 2000	?????? ????? / ???????? ?????? (2000) ??????? ??????? / ?????? ???? (2002?03) ????? ???? / ?????? ??????? / ???? ???? (2004) ?????? ?????? (2005) ????? ??? / ???? ???????? (2006?07)
??? 2010	??? ????? / ???? ????? / ????? ????????? (2010) ??????????? ???? / ?????? ??? / ???? ?????? (2011) ????? ?????????? (2012) ???? ????? / ??????? ???????? (2013) ???? ?????? / ????? ?????? (2015) ???? ???? (2016) ????? ????? / ?????? ????? (2017) ?????? ??? ????? / ????? ??????? (2018)
??? 2020	???? ????????? / ????? ?????? ?????? / ???? ??? ????????? (2020) ?????? ?????? (2021) ?? ????? / ??? ????? / ?????? ????? (2022)
??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????

? ? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? 2007
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???????? ?????? ???? 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

? ? ? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????
1901?1925	?????? (1901) ?????? / ???? (1902) ?????? / ?. ???? / ?. ???? (1903) ????? (1904) ?????? (1905) ?????? (1906) ??????? (1907) ?????? (1908) ??????? / ????? (1909) ??? ??? ???? (1910) ???? (1911) ????? (1912) ???????? ???? (1913) ??? (1914) ?. ?. ???? / ?. ??. ???? (1915) ?????? (1917) ????? (1918) ????? (1919) ???? (1920) ???????? (1921) ?. ??? (1922) ??????? (1923) ??????? (1924) ????? / ???? (1925)
1926?1950	????? (1926) ??????? / ?. ?????? (1927) ?. ????????? (1928) ?? ?????? (1929) ????? (1930) ????????? (1932) ??????? / ????? (1933) ?????? (1935) ?? / ?. ??????? (1936) ??????? / ?????? (1937) ????? (1938) ????? (1939) ????? (1943) ???? (1944) ????? (1945) ??????? (1946) ?????? (1947) ?????? (1948) ?????? (1949) ????? (1950)
1951?1975	??????? / ?????? (1951) ???? / ?????? (1952) ??????? (1953) ???? / ???? (1954) ???? / ??? (1955) ????? / ?????? / ?????? (1956) ???? / ?? (1957) ??????? / ????? / ??? (1958) ????? / ???????? (1959) ????? (1960) ???????? / ??????? (1961) ?????? (1962) ????? / ?????-???? / ???? (1963) ????? / ????? / ??????? (1964) ???????? / ?????? / ??????? (1965) ?????? (1966) ???? (1967) ??????? (1968) ?????? (1969) ????? / ??? (1970) ????? (1971) ?????? / ???? / ????? (1972) ????? / ?????? / ??????? (1973) ???? / ???? (1974) ??? / ???????? / ?????? (1975)
1976?2000	????? / ???? (1976) ??????? / ??? / ??? ???? (1977) ??????? / ??????? / ?????? (1978) ????? / ???? / ??????? (1979) ?????? / ???? (1980) ???????? / ????? / ?????? (1981) ?. ?????? (1982) ??????????? / ????? (1983) ????? / ??? ??? ??? (1984) ??? ???????? (1985) ????? / ????? / ?????? (1986) ???????? / ???? (1987) ??????? / ?????? / ????????? (1988) ????? / ????? / ???? (1989) ??????? / ?????? / ????? (1990) ?? ??? (1991) ??????? (1992) ???? / ????? (1993) ???????? / ??? (1994) ???? / ????? (1995) ?? / ??????? / ?????????? (1996) ??? / ?????-?????? / ?????? (1997) ?????? / ?????? / ???? (1998) ???? / ??????? (1999) ??????? / ????? / ????? (2000)
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