????? ?????? (????? ?????)

?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????.

????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????.

??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?? ≪ ??????? ??????? ≫ ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ≪????? ??????≫ ?? ?????.

??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? (?? ???? ??? ??????)? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ^[1] ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ≪ ???????? ≫ ??? ?????? ≪???????? ???????≫ (??????? ?????? ????????? ???????). ^[2]

????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????.?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????.

?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ≪?????? ???? ??????≫ ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?≪ ????? ?????? ≫ ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?≪ ???? ??????? ≫ ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???.

????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????.

??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????
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????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
??? ≪???????? ?????? ???????≫ ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????)? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.
??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????
????? ?????? ????????
??? ????? ?????? (786-809)? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????.
???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (1258) ?? ?????? ??????.
?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? (???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????_????? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 618 ??? 1279 ????? ???? ?????? ?????????.
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 900 ???? 1100. ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????.
????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??8 ???12? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??11 ???? ????? ????? ??12. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? .
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??11 ???12 ???13? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 1293 ??? ????? ??? 1500? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????-????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????.
????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? (1331-1371).
????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??15-1580. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????.
????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??17 ???? ????? ??19.
????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??15
????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? (?????).
???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??16 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????.
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? (1530-1798) ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??16 ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1492 ?1659? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????.
?????? ??????? ??????????:
≪????? ?????? ????????≫ ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? .
????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??16 ??????? ????? ??17.
????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??17? ?????? ??? 1588-1672 :
????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??17.
????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????.
≪????? ??????≫? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ???????? 1650-1730.
???? ??????? (1688-1704)? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????.
????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??19.
????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??19? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 1945 ??? ??? 1970. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??19.
????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????.
??????? ???? ?????? ≪ ????? ???????? ≫ ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
??????? ????????????
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????.
???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????:
????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ???????? ?? 1920-1940
????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? 1928 (???) ??????? ????? ??????? (?????).
????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??1920 ???? ?????? 1960.
????? ?????? ???????? (???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????)? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ≪ ???? ????? ????? ≫ ?≪??? ????? 90≫ ?≪?????? ??????? ????≫ ?≪????? ?????≫.
???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.
????? ?????? ???????? ??????? 1964-1972.
· ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? 15 ????? (??? 1969-1984) ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ≪??? ???? / ?????? ??????≫ ??? 1969 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ≪????≫ ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1970. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ???????-????? 1975-2000? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ≪ ???????? ??????? /??????? ?????????≫ ????? ≪ ???? ≫.
????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?????? (1982-1997)? (????? ?24 ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? CGI).
?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? 1983-1992.
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? 1983-1992? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????_??? ????? ????? ???????_ ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????.
????? ?????? ??≪??? ???≫? 1988-1994? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 1990 ??? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 1999-????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?≪????????≫? ≪?? ????≫? ≪?????? ???≫? ≪??? ??≫ (?? ??? ??????? ????).
????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? 2005-????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???.
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????: ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? (??????) ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.
??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??19.
?? ????? ?????? ≪???????≫ ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.
??????? ??????
?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????:
????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 1943 ??? 1968 ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ≪?????????!≫ (1943)? ≪?????≫? ≪????≫(1948)? ≪??? ?????? ??????≫(1957)? ≪??? ????????≫(1959)? ?≪?????? ????≫(1964) ??? ???? ??????.
????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ≪?? ???????≫ ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 1938-1945 ??????.
????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ???? 1935 ???????? ?????? ?????????.
????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (????? 1957-1979).
????? ?????? ??????? ????????-????????? ?????????.
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???.
????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????.
??????
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 1960-1975.
???? ????
?????? ??????? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?????? ?????? ≪???? ????≫.
???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? 62 ??? ???.
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? (1854-1865)? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???.
????? ?????? ???????? (1890-1914).
????? ?????? ???????? (1920-1960).
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (1937-1959).
????? ?????? ???????-?? (1968-1972).
????? ?????? ?????? (1983-1986)? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ Bartlett? R.C. (2006). "An Introduction to Hesiod's Works and Days " . The Review of Politics . ?. 68 ?. 2: 177?205. DOI : 10.1017/S003467050600009X . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-14.
^ Ovid, Metamorphoses . Trans. A.D. Melville. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. pp. ix?xi

[Bartlett-1] Bartlett? R.C. (2006). "An Introduction to Hesiod's Works and Days " . The Review of Politics . ?. 68 ?. 2: 177?205. DOI : 10.1017/S003467050600009X . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-14.

[2] Ovid, Metamorphoses . Trans. A.D. Melville. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. pp. ix?xi

[1]

[2]