?? ??????

?? ??????
	?? ?????? ??? 2002
??????? ?????
??? ???????	???? ?????? ??????
???????	13 ?????? 1941 ; ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????
??????	1 ????? 2010 (68 ???) ; ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????
??? ??????	??? ?????
???????	??????
???????	6
??? ???????	6
?????? ???????
???????	????? ????? ; ????? ?????????
??????? ????	????? ????? ????????? ; ????? ????? ; ????? ?????
??????	????? ?????? ; ??? ????? ; ????? ; ????
??? ??????	????????? ??????
	????? ????? - ?????

?? ?????? ( ??????????? : El bicho )? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? (???????????: Ed Roberts) (13 ?????? 1941 ? 1 ?????? 2010) ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1975? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????. ^[1]

??? ?????? ???? ≪????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????≫ (????) (MITS) ??? 1970 ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? 1973? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1974? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? 8800 ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? 8080 ???? ???? ???? 360 ?????. ^[2]

????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? 1977 ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ^[3] ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? 1986.

???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 2010 ?? 68 ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? . ^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Young (1998), 155?158.
^ Young (1998), 174.
^ Allen? Paul (19 April , 2010). "H. Edward Roberts" . Time . ????? ?? ????? ?? 17 ????? 2013 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 11, 2010 . Ed Roberts, who died of pneumonia April 1 at 68, has rightfully been described as an architect of the personal-computer revolution. {{ ??????? ???? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? )

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] Young (1998), 155?158.

[3] Young (1998), 174.

[4] Allen? Paul (19 April , 2010). "H. Edward Roberts" . Time . ????? ?? ????? ?? 17 ????? 2013 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 11, 2010 . Ed Roberts, who died of pneumonia April 1 at 68, has rightfully been described as an architect of the personal-computer revolution. {{ ??????? ???? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? )

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]