?? ????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? , ?????? ?? ???? 1918-1867. ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? , ??? ????????? ????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? .

??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ? ??????? ??????????? , ??? ????????? . ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? , ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????.

?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??? 1867, ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ? ?????????? , ??? ??????? , ??? ????? ????? , ?????? ??? ??????? , ??????????? ?? ????? ???????, ? ???? ?????????? , ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? , ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? . ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????, ??? ??????? , ????????, ?????????? ??"??. ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ????????.

????? ????? ????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? , ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? 48 ???. ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? 25??? ???? 1914.

??? 28??? ???? 1914, ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????.

???????????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? , ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? , ???????? ?? ??????? ????? , ??? ?? ????.

??? 3?? ????????? 1918, ??? ??????????????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? , ??? ??? 4?? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????.

1,200,000 ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??? 300,000 ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?? ???????? ??? ??????, ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? . ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? . ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??????? , ????????? , ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? .

?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? , ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????-????? .