???????? , ??? ? ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? , ????? . ??? ????? "????????" ????? ????? ????? ??? "?????? ????????" ?????? ??? ??????; ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? . ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ???????? , ????????? , ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????, ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ????????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????.

??? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? , ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 1941 . ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ???? ?? ??.??. , ??? 1943 ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????.

?? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? 200,000, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? . ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????????.

??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????????, ???'? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ??? 1943, ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ????, ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ????? 18,400 ????? ???????? ??????????.

??? ???? 1944 , ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ???? , ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ??????.

??? ?????? 2010 , ??? ? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????, ?? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????, ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ???????? ???????.