Igama elithi logic livela kwigama lesiGreek elithi logos. I-logos yona ingathetha isivakalisi , i-discourse , i-reason , i-rule , i-ratio . Ewe kona ezi ntsingiselo azinakunceda ngokwaneleyo ukunika intsingiselo eyiyo yegama elithi 'logic' ngale ndlela lisetyenziswa ngayo kungoku nje.

Ungayichaza uthi yintoni kanye kanye i-logic? Ngokufutshane singathi i-logic sisifundo ngeeprinciples ze- reasoning efanelekileyo okanye eyiyo, nekuthiwa ngokwakwa science yi- correct reasoning . Le nkcazo yeyexeshana nje kuba indlela ekuchazwa ngayo intsingiselo ye-logic ngumcimb'onzima otshis'ibunzi nodala ingxwaba-ngxwaba. kodwa ke, ngenxa yokokuba kufuneka sikwazisile mfundi ngesi sifundo se-logic, sicinga okokuba kubalulekile okokuba sikunike ufifi ngesi sifundo ozakube usifunda. yiloo nto kuphela esizakube siyenza kweli phepha okwangoku. Nje ngoko sele siwuchazile umahluko phakathi kwe- logic reasoning ne- psychology of reasoning phantsi kwesihloko esithi 'ii- principles , ngoku sizakuthetha kuvokotheke ngayo nge-logic neeprinciples zayo.

Ii-principles ze-logic [ tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo ]

Khawutsho ke, zeziphi ezi principles zereasoning ezenza i-logic? zininzi ii-principles ezi lolu hlobo, kodwa ke eyona nto esiyifundayo (kungeyiyo yodwa) kwi-logic zii-principles ezilawula nezingumkhomba-ndlela obonisa i-validity yeengxoxo (okanye yee-arguments ukuze sikwazi ukubona okokuba ingaba izigqibo ezithile ekuthi kufikelelwe kuzo ziziziphumo zoko bekukukhe kwabekwa ngaphambili njengento enokwenzeka. Umzekelo, khawuqwalasele ezi ngxoxo zintathu zilandelayo:

Ukuba uZola uhlala e
zilalini
, ke uZola ulihlwempu.
UZola uhlala ezilalini.
Ngoko ke, uZola lihlwempu. 

Ukuba u-K>10, ke u-K>2.
u-K>10.
Ngoko ke, u-K>2. 

Ukuba 
i-Johannesburg
 iseRhawutini, ke i-Johannesburg ayikho se-Eastern Cape.
I-Johannesburg ise-Rhawutini. 
Ngoko ke, i-Johannesburg ayikho se-Eastern Cape.

Ezi ngxoxo zintathu sizibonayo apha ngokuqinisekileyo ziingxoxo ezilungileyo kuba kaloku izigqibo ekufikelelwa kuzo ngazo zisekelezelwe zikwalandela ii-assumptions (oko sele kutshiwo ngaphambili). Ukuba ngaba ezi-assumptions ze-argument ngenene zinyanisekile okanye zi-true , nesigqibo se-argument ekufikelelwa kuso si-true . I-logician izakukuxelela okokuba zonke ziyimibandela yaloo argument ekuthiwa y i-modus ponens .