Ti?ng Hebrew

Ti?ng Hebrew
	????? , Ivrit
	M?t ph?n c?a cu?n sach Temple, m?t trong nh?ng cu?n dai nh?t c?a Bi?n Ch?t đ??c phat hi?n t?i Qumran
Phat am	[(?)iv??it] - [(?)iv??it]
S? d?ng t?i	Israel
Khu v?c	Vung đ?t Israel
M?t h?t ng??i b?n ng? vao	Ti?ng Hebrew c? đ?i tuy?t ch?ng kho?ng n?m 400 CN, t?n t?i nh? m?t ngon ng? ph?ng v? trong Do Thai giao
Ph?c h?i	9,0 tri?u ng??i noi ti?ng Hebrew hi?n đ?i trong đo 5 tri?u ? Israel . (2016)
Dan t?c	Ng??i Israel c? đ?i ; ng??i Do Thai & ng??i Samaria
Phan lo?i	Phi-A Semit Trung Semit Tay B?c Semit Canaan Ti?ng Hebrew ; ; ; ; ;
Ngon ng? ti?n than	Ti?ng Hebrew Kinh Thanh Ti?ng Hebrew Mishnah Ti?ng Hebrew trung c? Ti?ng Hebrew ; ; ;
D?ng chu?n	Ti?ng Hebrew hi?n đ?i
H? ch? vi?t	Ch? Hebrew
đ?a v? chinh th?c
Ngon ng? chinh th?c t?i	Israel (d??i d?ng ti?ng Hebrew hi?n đ?i )
Quy đ?nh b?i	Vi?n han lam Ngon ng? Hebrew ; ??????? ????? ?????? ( HaAkademia LaLashon Ha?Ivrit )
Ma ngon ng?
ISO 639-1	he
ISO 639-2	heb
ISO 639-3	tuy tr??ng h?p: ; heb ? Ti?ng Hebrew hi?n đ?i ; hbo ? Ti?ng Hebrew c? đi?n (ph?ng v?) ; smp ? Ti?ng Hebrew Samaria (ph?ng v?) ; none ? Ammon (tuy?t ch?ng) ; obm ? Moab (tuy?t ch?ng) ; xdm ? Edom (tuy?t ch?ng)
Glottolog	hebr1246
Linguasphere	12-AAB-a
	Vung noi ti?ng Hebrew: vung n?i ti?ng Hebrew la ngon ng? chinh ( Israel ) vung n?i ti?ng Hebrew la ngon ng? thi?u s? đang k? ( B? Tay va Cao nguyen Golan )
	Bai vi?t nay co ch?a ky t? ng? am IPA . N?u khong thich h?p h? tr? d?ng hinh , b?n co th? s? nhin th?y d?u ch?m h?i, h?p, ho?c ky hi?u khac thay vi ki t? Unicode . đ? bi?t h??ng d?n gi?i thi?u v? cac ky hi?u IPA, xem Tr? giup:IPA .

Ti?ng Hebrew ( ???????? ) ( Ivrit ), phien am: Hip-ri , He-br? , Hi-bru ), c?ng đ??c g?i m?t cach đ?i khai la " ti?ng Do Thai ", la m?t ngon ng? b?n đ?a t?i Israel , đ??c s? d?ng b?i h?n 9 tri?u ng??i tren toan c?u, trong đo 5 tri?u ? Israel . ^[3]^[5] V? m?t l?ch s?, đay la ngon ng? c?a ng??i Israel c? đ?i va t? tien h?, du no khong đ??c g?i la "Hebrew" trong Tanakh . ^{[note 2]} Nh?ng m?u vi?t ch? C? Hebrew c? nh?t co nien đ?i t? th? k? 10 Tr??c Cong Nguyen . ^[7] Ti?ng Hebrew thu?c v? nhanh Semit c?a ng? h? Phi-A . Ti?ng Hebrew đ??c vi?t va đ?c t? ph?i sang trai, gi?ng ti?ng ? R?p va ti?ng Ba T? .

Ti?ng Hebrew bi?n m?t nh? m?t ngon ng? noi hang ngay t? kho?ng n?m 200 đ?n 400, do h?u qu? c?a kh?i ngh?a Bar Kokhba . ^[1]^[2]^{[note 3]} Ti?ng Aram va (? m?c đ? th?p h?n) ti?ng Hy L?p luc đo đ??c s? d?ng nh? lingua franca , đ?c bi?t trong gi?i th??ng l?u va dan nh?p c?. ^[9] No t?n t?i qua th?i k? trung c? nh? ngon ng? dung trong ph?ng v? Do Thai giao va v?n h?c giao đoan. Sau đo, vao th? k? 19, no đ??c h?i sinh nh? m?t ngon ng? noi va vi?t, va, theo Ethnologue , tr? thanh ngon ng? c?a 5 tri?u ng??i toan c?u vao n?m 1998. Sau Israel, Hoa K? co s? ng??i noi ti?ng Hebrew đong th? nhi, v?i 220.000 ng??i noi thanh th?o, ^[10] đa s? đ?n t? Israel.

Ti?ng Hebrew hi?n đ?i la m?t trong hai ngon ng? chinh th?c c?a Nha n??c Israel (ngon ng? con l?i la ti?ng ? R?p chu?n hi?n đ?i ), con ti?ng Hebrew ti?n hi?n đ?i đ??c dung khi c?u nguy?n va nghien c?u trong cac c?ng đ?ng ng??i Do Thai hi?n nay. Ti?ng Hebrew c? đ?i c?ng la ngon ng? ph?ng v? c?a ng??i Samaria . Nh? m?t ngo?i ng?, no đ??c đa ph?n ng??i Do Thai va cac nghien c?u sinh Do Thai giao va Israel, cac nha kh?o c? va ngon ng? h?c chuyen v? Trung đong va cac n?n v?n minh c?a no, h?c va nghien c?u.

Ng? Th? ( Torah ) va h?u h?t ph?n con l?i c?a Kinh Thanh Hebrew ( Tanakh ) đ??c vi?t b?ng ti?ng Hebrew C? đi?n (hay ti?ng Hebrew Kinh Thanh). Vi ly do nay, t? th?i c? đ?i ti?ng Hebrew đa đ??c ng??i Do Thai g?i la Leshon HaKodesh , "Thanh ng?".

T? nguyen [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

T? hi?n đ?i "Hebrew" b?t ngu?n t? ch? "Ibri" (s? nhi?u "Ibrim"), m?t trong nh?ng ten g?i ng??i Israel c? đ?i . No th??ng đ??c hi?u la m?t tinh t? d?a vao ten c?a t? tien c?a Abraham, Eber ("Ebr" ??? trong ti?ng Hebrew), đ??c đ? c?p đ?n trong Sang th? ky 10:21. Ten nay co th? d?a tren g?c t? "?-b-r" ( ??? ) co ngh?a la "v??t qua". Cach gi?i thich c?a thu?t ng? "?ibrim" lien k?t no v?i đ?ng t? nay; v??t qua va ho?c nh?ng ng??i v??t qua song Euphrates . ^[11]

Trong Kinh Thanh , ti?ng Hebrew con đ??c g?i la Y?hudit (??????) vi Judah ( Y?huda ) la v??ng qu?c con t?n t?i t?i th?i đi?m nh?c đ?n (cu?i th? k? th? 8 TCN (Is 36, 2 Kings 18)). Trong E-sai 19:18, no con đ??c g?i la "Ngon ng? c?a Canaan" ( ??? ????) .

Ghi chu [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Sephard [?iv??it] ; Iraq [?ib?riːθ] ; Yemen [?iv?riːθ] ; Ashkenaz [iv'?is] ho?c [iv'ris]
^ Trong Tanakh (Kinh Thanh Do Thai), ti?ng Hebrew đ??c g?i la Yehudit "ngon ng? c?a Judah" hay s?pa? k?na‘an "ngon ng? c?a Canaan". ^[1]^[6] Sau đo Josephus va Phuc Am Gioan dung thu?t ng? Hebraisti đ? ch? c? ti?ng Hebrew va ti?ng Aram. ^[1]
^ Saenz-Badillos, Angel and John Elwolde: "There is general agreement that two main periods of RH (Rabbinical Hebrew) can be distinguished. The first, which lasted until the close of the Tannaitic era (around 200 CE), is characterized by RH as a spoken language gradually developing into a literary medium in which the Mishnah, Tosefta, baraitot and Tannaitic midrashim would be composed. The second stage begins with the Amoraim and sees RH being replaced by Aramaic as the spoken vernacular, surviving only as a literary language. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the tenth century in, for example, the Hebrew portions of the two Talmuds and in midrashic and haggadic literature." ^[8]

Chu thich [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d “A History of the Hebrew Language” . google.co.uk .
^ ^a ^b "Hebrew" in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , edit. F.L. Cross, first edition (Oxford, 1958), 3rd edition (Oxford 1997). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church which once said, in 1958 in its first edition, that Hebrew "ceased to be a spoken language around the fourth century BCE", now says, in its 1997 (third) edition, that Hebrew "continued to be used as a spoken and written language in the New Testament period".
^ ^a ^b About World Languages - Hebrew
^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin bien t?p (2013). “Hebrewic” . Glottolog . Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
^ Nachman Gur, Behadrey Haredim. “Kometz Aleph ? Au? How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?” . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 4 thang 11 n?m 2013 . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 11 n?m 2013 . Qu?n ly CS1: s? d?ng tham s? tac gi? ( lien k?t )
^ Rick Aschmann, “Hebrew” in Genesis
^ “Most ancient Hebrew biblical inscription deciphered” . Physorg.com . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 4 n?m 2013 .
^ Saenz-Badillos, Angel and John Elwolde. 1996. A history of the Hebrew language. P.170-171
^ "If you couldn't speak Greek by say the time of early Christianity you couldn't get a job. You wouldn't get a good job. a professional job. You had to know Greek in addition to your own language. And so you were getting to a point where Jews...the Jewish community in say Egypt and large cities like Alexandria didn't know Hebrew anymore they only knew Greek. And so you need a Greek version in the synagogue." -- Josheph Blankinsopp, Professor of Biblical Studies University of Notre Dame in A&E's Who Wrote the Bible
^ “Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009” , The 2012 Statistical Abstract , U.S. Census Bureau , truy c?p ngay 27 thang 12 n?m 2011
^ “?????? ?? ??"?” . Lib.cet.ac.il . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 4 n?m 2013 .

Sach tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Hoffman, Joel M, 2006. In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-3654-8 .
Izre'el, Shlomo, 2001. "The emergence of Spoken Israeli Hebrew", in: Benjamin Hary (ed.), The Corpus of Spoken Israeli Hebrew (CoSIH): Working Papers I .
Kuzar, Ron, 2001. Hebrew and Zionism: A Discourse Analytic Cultural Study . Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-016993-2 / ISBN 3-11-016992-4 .
Laufer, Asher, 1999. "Hebrew", in: Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0-521-65236-7 , ISBN 0-521-63751-1 .
Saenz-Badillos, Angel, 1993. A History of the Hebrew Language (trans. John Elwolde). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55634-1
Zuckermann, Ghil'ad , 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403917232 / ISBN 9781403938695 .

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

General

History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language by David Steinberg
Short History of the Hebrew Language by Chaim Menachem Rabin

Courses, tutorials, dictionaries

Fully Transliterated Modern Hebrew Course L?u tr? 2021-08-21 t?i Wayback Machine (with listing of verb roots and derived verbs)
Modern Hebrew for Beginners at the University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts
Morfix online dictionary
USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Hebrew basic course
Hebrew language, alphabet and pronunciation

Miscellaneous

Early Hebrew Newspapers L?u tr? 2011-05-18 t?i Wayback Machine , thousands of pages of mid- to late-19th-century and early 20th-century Hebrew newspapers.
Categorized Hebrew language study resources
Biblical Hebrew Poetry and Word Play ? Reconstructing the Original Oral, Aural and Visual Experience
Hebrew Pronunciation , Rabbi Gil Student about how Hebrew should be pronounced in prayer, in accordance with Halakha va Poskim
Hebrew fonts L?u tr? 2015-09-06 t?i Wayback Machine
Jewish Story Writing Resource for Jewish writers.
Ti?ng Hebrew tren DMOZ
Hebrew Phrases with Audio
Vi?n han lam Ngon ng? Hebrew L?u tr? 2010-07-19 t?i Wayback Machine

[1] Sephard [?iv??it] ; Iraq [?ib?riːθ] ; Yemen [?iv?riːθ] ; Ashkenaz [iv'?is] ho?c [iv'ris]

[8] Trong Tanakh (Kinh Thanh Do Thai), ti?ng Hebrew đ??c g?i la Yehudit "ngon ng? c?a Judah" hay s?pa? k?na‘an "ngon ng? c?a Canaan". ^[1]^[6] Sau đo Josephus va Phuc Am Gioan dung thu?t ng? Hebraisti đ? ch? c? ti?ng Hebrew va ti?ng Aram. ^[1]

[Sáenz-BadillosRH-11] Saenz-Badillos, Angel and John Elwolde: "There is general agreement that two main periods of RH (Rabbinical Hebrew) can be distinguished. The first, which lasted until the close of the Tannaitic era (around 200 CE), is characterized by RH as a spoken language gradually developing into a literary medium in which the Mishnah, Tosefta, baraitot and Tannaitic midrashim would be composed. The second stage begins with the Amoraim and sees RH being replaced by Aramaic as the spoken vernacular, surviving only as a literary language. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the tenth century in, for example, the Hebrew portions of the two Talmuds and in midrashic and haggadic literature." ^[8]

[ASB-2] “A History of the Hebrew Language” . google.co.uk .

[OxfordDictionaryChristianChurch-3] "Hebrew" in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , edit. F.L. Cross, first edition (Oxford, 1958), 3rd edition (Oxford 1997). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church which once said, in 1958 in its first edition, that Hebrew "ceased to be a spoken language around the fourth century BCE", now says, in its 1997 (third) edition, that Hebrew "continued to be used as a spoken and written language in the New Testament period".

[About_World_Languages_-_Hebrew-4] About World Languages - Hebrew

[Glottolog-5] Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin bien t?p (2013). “Hebrewic” . Glottolog . Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

[Behadrey-Haredim-6] Nachman Gur, Behadrey Haredim. “Kometz Aleph ? Au? How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?” . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 4 thang 11 n?m 2013 . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 11 n?m 2013 . Qu?n ly CS1: s? d?ng tham s? tac gi? ( lien k?t )

[7] Rick Aschmann, “Hebrew” in Genesis

[9] “Most ancient Hebrew biblical inscription deciphered” . Physorg.com . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 4 n?m 2013 .

[Sáenz-Badillos_1996._P.170-171-10] Saenz-Badillos, Angel and John Elwolde. 1996. A history of the Hebrew language. P.170-171

[12] "If you couldn't speak Greek by say the time of early Christianity you couldn't get a job. You wouldn't get a good job. a professional job. You had to know Greek in addition to your own language. And so you were getting to a point where Jews...the Jewish community in say Egypt and large cities like Alexandria didn't know Hebrew anymore they only knew Greek. And so you need a Greek version in the synagogue." -- Josheph Blankinsopp, Professor of Biblical Studies University of Notre Dame in A&E's Who Wrote the Bible

[2009_survey-13] “Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009” , The 2012 Statistical Abstract , U.S. Census Bureau , truy c?p ngay 27 thang 12 n?m 2011

[14] “?????? ?? ??"?” . Lib.cet.ac.il . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 4 n?m 2013 .

[note 1]

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