V??ng qu?c Northumbria

V??ng qu?c Northumbria
	Ten b?n ng? Norþanhymbra R??e ;
	654 - 954
	Qu?c k? Qu?c huy
	Northumbria n?m 700 sau Cong Nguyen .
T?ng quan
V? th?	V??ng qu?c Angle (tr??c 876) ; B?c: V??ng qu?c Angle (sau 876) ; Nam: V??ng qu?c đan M?ch (876?914) ; Nam: V??ng qu?c Na Uy (sau 914)
Th? đo	B?c: Bamburgh ; Nam: York
Ngon ng? thong d?ng	Northumbria , Cumbric , Latin ; ; Norse ( k. 876 ? k. 914 )
Chinh tr?
Chinh ph?	Quan ch? chuyen ch? va lien minh th??ng m?i
Qu?c v??ng
? 654?670	?sw?g
? m?t 954	Eric Bloodaxe
L?ch s?
L?ch s?
? Thanh l?p	653
? Nam ph?n tuy thu?c đan M?ch	876
? Nam ph?n tuy thu?c Na Uy	914
? Sap nh?p V??ng qu?c Anh	954
Kinh t?
đ?n v? ti?n t?	Sceat ( peninga )
Ti?n than	K? t?c
	Bernicia
	Deira
	Rheged
	Gododdin
V??ng qu?c Scotland
V??ng qu?c Anh
Hi?n nay la m?t ph?n c?a	Anh

V??ng qu?c Northumbria ( / n ?ːr ? θ ? m b r i ? / ; ti?ng Anh c? : Norþanhymbra R??e ; ti?ng Latinh : Regnum Northanhymbrorum ) ^[1] la m?t qu?c gia Angle t?n t?i ? trung tam đ?o Anh giai đo?n 654 - 954. Theo truy?n th?ng, th?c th? nay đ??c coi la m?t trong nh?ng thanh t? t?o nen V??ng qu?c Lien hi?p Anh va Ireland v? m?t ngon ng? va cac danh hi?u chinh tr? - tin ng??ng lien quan.

T? nguyen [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Theo cac c? li?u ti?ng Anh c? , t? d?ng Northumbria ( ti?ng Anh c? : Norþanhymbre ) đ??c hi?u la khu v?c đ?nh c? c?a s?c t?c phia B?c mi?n Humber ^[2].

L?ch s? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Khu v?c nay la Northumberland th?i Anh thu?c La Ma m?t ki h?ng con th?a v?ng v?i cac nhom man t?c cung quan binh La Ma . B?t đ?u t? th? k? VI khi ng??i Sachsen t?i đ?nh c? đa di?n ra nh?ng cu?c giao tranh cho đ?n th?a hi?p gi?a cac nhom man t?c nh?m đ?m b?o l?i ich v? th?c ph?m va n??c u?ng. Tuy nhien, s? h?p ch?ng trong ti?n trinh giao thoa ngon ng? va s?c t?c khi?n ng??i Northumbria khong đ??c coi la chung huy?t th?ng v?i ng??i Scotland hay Anh hi?n đ?i - nh?ng nhom s? đ?n mu?n h?n ? vai th? k? sau.

Th?ng nh?t Bryneich-Derenrice (654 - 665)

Theo t?p th? c?a thanh Bede , n?m 654 đa di?n ra s? ki?n h?p nh?t hai ti?u qu?c Bryneich va Derenrice thanh v??ng qu?c Northumbria , ma y ngh?a nguyen danh đa ph?n anh tinh ch?t đa d?ng v?n hoa ch?ng t?c th?i ki đ?u.

?sw?g - chua t? Bryneich đ??c ton lam qu?c v??ng thong qua cu?c hon nhan v?i ng??i con gai n?c danh c?a vua Derenrice la ?adwine .

V??ng qu?c Northumbria (665 - 875)

Trong kho?ng ba th? k? , Northumbria banh tr??ng d?n va an ng? khu v?c trung tam đ?o Anh , ma nay la Trung-Nam Scotland va B?c Anh . Ng??i Northumbria t?n d?ng khong gian đ?a ly nhi?u nui đa it song h? đ? ti?n d?n v? bi?n B?c , co h?m đ?i ti?n đ??c t?i cac m?m đ?t nay thu?c Ph?n Lan , co quan h? th??ng m?i ch?t ch? v?i cac li?t c??ng Scandinavia va con nhi?u l?n giup quan Sachsen đanh b?i cac canh quan La Ma .

Anglia thu?c đan M?ch (876 - 914)

Nh?ng cu?c xam l?ng tho b?o c?a ng??i Viking khi?n qu?c gia Northumbria lam vao tinh th? b? đ?ng va suy gi?m kh? n?ng phong th?. đ? tranh cac m?i nguy suy s?p hoan toan, ng??i Northumbria ph?i ti?p nh?n s? b?o h? du n?a v?i c?a đan M?ch . đ?ng thai nay đ??c coi la nhi?u tinh ngo?i giao h?n th?c t?. T? nh?ng n?m nay, Northumbria ph?i ch?u c?ng n?p cho đan M?ch d??i hinh th?c đong thu? th??ng m?i.

Anglia thu?c Na Uy (914 - 954)

Northumbria phan ra thanh nhi?u lanh đ?a v?i ch?c n?ng t??ng đ??ng m?t ti?u qu?c. Tri?u đinh Northumbria đanh m?t tinh chinh th?ng va b? co l?p, ph?i d?a vao s? h? tr? c?a Na Uy v? m?t quan s?. Nhin chung ? giai đo?n cu?i cung nay, Northumbria thu nh? ch? con b?ng m?t t?nh c?a v??ng qu?c Anh . Sau đo, no b? phan m?nh ra cho cac vua Scotland va Anh theo hinh th?c nh??ng đ?a co lai su?t.

V?n hoa [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Northumbria xu?t hi?n ? giai đo?n đ?u l?ch s? Anh qu?c đ?c l?p, khi b?t đ?u co cac khai ni?m b?n đ?a hoa ngon ng? - tri?t li chinh tr? tr??c s? ?nh h??ng c?a v?n minh La Ma . V?n h?c va am nh?c Northumbria hinh thanh nh? cac nhom s?c t?c it ?i vung Trung Anh đa gop ph?n đ??c coi la l?n nh?t trong s? phat tri?n v?n hoa qu?n đ?o Anh trung ki trung đ?i .

?nh h??ng [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

V??ng th?t Anh ngay nay t? coi la s? k? th?a cac v??ng th?t t?ng đ??c cong nh?n trong l?ch s? Anh qu?c , trong đo co Northumbria. Thanh t? Northumbria trong kim mi?n đ? qu?c Anh g?m: Cong t??c York , hai s?c đ?-vang tren v??ng ki.

Trong k?ch ph?m Hamlet c?a tac gi? William Shakespeare , nhan v?t v??ng t? đan M?ch Hamlet đ??c d??ng Claudius c? lam đ?c s? đan M?ch t?i Northumbria đoi kho?n c?ng n?p th??ng nien, nh?ng m?c đich la sai ng??i am sat chang tren thuy?n r?i đ? l?i cho vua Northumbria đ? co c? xam l?ng.

Trong phim Ng??i Vikingr n?m 1958 d?a theo tac ph?m c?a Edison Marshall co đ? c?p đ?n cu?c chi?n tranh kim mi?n Northumbria gi?a vua Ragnar ng??i Viking v?i cac vua g?c Northumbria g?m Ælla , Ecgberht va đ?a con r?i Eirikr Haraldsson .

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Bede 1898 Book I, chapter 34
^ Bosworth 1898 , tr. 725

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T? li?u [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

[1] Bede 1898 Book I, chapter 34

[2] Bosworth 1898 , tr. 725

[1]

[2]