Ng??i Muisca

Bach khoa toan th? m? Wikipedia
V? n? th?n Chia
đ? u?ng c?a ng??i da đ?

Ng??i Muisca (con g?i la Chibcha ) la m?t dan t?c da đ? b?n đ?a Nam M? va ch? nhan c?a n?n v?n hoa c?a Altiplano Cundiboyacense ? Colombia , h? đa thanh l?p Lien minh Muisca tr??c cu?c chinh ph?c c?a Tay Ban Nha . Ng??i dan Muisca noi ti?ng Muysccubun la m?t ngon ng? thu?c ng? h? Chibchan , con đ??c g?i la Muysca va Mosca [1] . H? đa ch?m tran v?i nh?ng k? chinh ph?c ( Conquistador ) do đ? ch? Tay Ban Nha c? đ?n vao n?m 1537 t?i th?i đi?m di?n ra cu?c chinh ph?t. Cac nhom nh? c?a ng??i Muisca h?u h?t đ??c kh?ng đ?nh long trung thanh c?a h? v?i ba nha cai tr? v? đ?i g?m: Zipa hay Hoa hay Zaque tru ng? ? Hunza đa cai tr? m?t lanh th? g?n nh? bao ph? Boyaca va nam Santander ? phia nam va đong b?c hi?n đ?i; nha cai tr? Psihipqua tru ng? ? Muyquyta va bao g?m h?u h?t Cundinamarca hi?n đ?i, phia tay Llanos ; va nha cai tr? Iraca nha lanh đ?o tinh th?n ton giao c?a Suamox va vung đong b?c hi?n đ?i Boyaca va tay nam Santander . Ki?n th?c v? cac s? ki?n cho đ?n n?m 1450 ch? y?u b?t ngu?n t? b?i c?nh th?n tho?i, nh?ng nh? Bien nien s? Tay ?n co nh?ng mo t? v? giai đo?n cu?i cung c?a l?ch s? Muisca, tr??c khi ng??i Tay Ban Nha đ?n.

Lanh th? c?a ng??i Muisca tr?i r?ng tren di?n tich kho?ng 25.000 km2 (9.700 d?m vuong Anh) t? phia b?c Boyaca đ?n Sumapaz Paramo va t? cac đ?nh đ?n ph?n phia tay c?a Day nui phia đong. Lanh th? c?a h? giap v?i cac vung đ?t c?a Panche ? phia tay, Muzo ? phia tay b?c, Guane ? phia b?c, Lache ? phia đong b?c, Achagua ? phia đong va Sutagao ? phia nam. Vao th?i đi?m ng??i Tay Ban Nha xam l??c, khu v?c nay co dan s? đong, m?c du s? l??ng c? dan chinh xac v?n ch?a đ??c bi?t. Cac ??c tinh khac nhau t? 500.000 đ?n h?n 3 tri?u dan. N?n kinh t? c?a h? d?a tren nong nghi?p , khai thac mu?i , th??ng m?i , gia cong kim lo?i va s?n xu?t. Do n?m d??i s? thu?c đ?a c?a Tay Ban Nha, dan s? c?a Muisca đa gi?m m?nh va hoa nh?p vao dan s? noi chung. H?u du? c?a ng?oi Muisca th??ng đ??c tim th?y ? cac đo th? nong thon bao g?m Cota , Chiaa , Tenjo , Suba , Engativa , Tocancipa , Gachancipa va Ubate [2] M?t cu?c đi?u tra dan s? c?a B? N?i v? n?m 2005 bao cao co t?ng c?ng 14.051 ng??i Muisca ? Colombia [3] . Nh?ng ng??i đong gop quan tr?ng cho ki?n ??th?c v? Muisca la ng??i chinh ph?c chinh c?a h?, Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada la nha th?, ng??i linh va linh m?c ng??i Tay Ban Nha Juan de Castellanos (th? k? 16); giam m?c Lucas Fernandez de Piedrahita va Franciscan Pedro Simon (th? k? 17); va Javier Ocampo Lopez va Gonzalo Correal Urrego (g?n đay).

Chu thich [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  1. ^ (ti?ng Tay Ban Nha) Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca ? Muysccubun dictionary online
  2. ^ Wiesner Garcia, 1987
  3. ^ (ti?ng Tay Ban Nha) Total population of Muisca in Colombia: 14,051 L?u tr? 2018-02-14 t?i Wayback Machine ? Ministry of Internal Affairs ? accessed 21-04-2016

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  • Fernandez-Alonso, Jose Luis; Groenendijk, Jeroen P. (2004). “A new species of Zephyranthes herb. S.L. (Amaryllidaceae, Hippeastreae) with notes on the genus in Colombia” (PDF) . Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cie . 28 : 177?186. ISSN   0370-3908 .
  • Olivares, Tania S.; Burckhardt, Daniel (1997). “Jumping plant-lice of the New World genus Calinda (Hemiptera:Psylloidea:Triozidae)” . Revue Suisse de Zoologie . Geneva, Switzerland: Societe Suisse de Zoologie. 104 : 231?344. doi : 10.5962/bhl.part.79999 . ISSN   0035-418X .
  • Izquierdo Pena, Manuel Arturo (2009). "The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia". pp. 1?170. arΧiv : 0812.0574 [physics.hist-ph].   Universite de Montreal.
  • Perez, Sandra; Wolff, Marta; De Carvalho, Claudio J.B. (19 thang 11 n?m 2012). “A new species of Brachygasterina Macquart from Colombia, and description of the males of B. stuebeli Roder and B. muisca Soares & Carvalho (Diptera: Muscidae) ? Abstract” (PDF) . Zootaxa . 3554 : 45?57. doi : 10.11646/zootaxa.3554.1.3 . ISSN   1175-5334 .
  • Bahn, Paul (1991). Archaeology, Theories, Methods and Practice . 2nd edition. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. ISBN   978-0-500-27867-3 .
  • Bonnett Velez, Diana (1999). “El caso del altiplano Cundiboyacense: 1750?1800". La ofensiva hacia las tierras comunales indigenas” [The Case of the Cundiboyacense Highland: 1750?1800. The challenge toward the communitarian Indian lands]. Universitas Humanistica (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). 48 .
  • Broadbent, Sylvia (1964). Los Chibchas: organizacion socio-politica [ The Chibcha People: Social and Politica Organization ]. Serie Latinoamericana (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). 5 . Bogota: Facultad de Sociologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
  • Friede, Juan 1961: Los chibchas bajo la dominacion espanola (tr.en. The Chibcha People under the Spaniard Rule ). Bogota: La Carreta
  • Garcia, Antonio; Jimenez, Edith; Ochoa, Blanca (1946). “Resguardo Indigena de Tocancipa” [Tocancipa Indian Shelter]. Boletin de Arqueologia . 6 (1).
  • Gonzalez de Perez, Maria Stella 1987: Diccionario y Gramatica Chibcha ( Chibchan Dictionary and Grammar ). Manuscrito anonimo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia . Bogota: Instituto Caro y Cuervo
  • Enciclopedia de Colombia a su alcance Espasa Siglo ( Colombian Encyclopedia within reach ? Espasa Century ). Tomo 1 Bogota, Colombia 2003
  • Hernandez Rodriguez Guillermo 1949: De los Chibchas a la Colonia y la Republica (tr.en. From the Chibcha People to the Colony to the Republic ). Bogota: Ediciones Paraninfo, 1991
  • Historia de Colombia (tr.en. History of Colombia ). Tomo 1 Zamora Editores, Bogota, Colombia 2003
  • Gran Enciclopedia de Colombia Tematica. Tomos 1 y 11 Circulo de Lectores, Bogota, Colombia 1994
  • Fundacion Mision Colombia: Historia de Bogota, Conquista y Colonia. Tomo 1 Salvat-Villegas editores, Bogota, Colombia 1989
  • Langebaek, Carl Henrik (1987). Mercados, poblamiento, e integracion etnica entre los Muiscas (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). Bogota: Banco de la Republica. ISBN   978-958-9028-40-7 .
  • Londono, Eduardo 1998: Los muiscas: una resena historica con base en las primeras descripciones . Bogota: Museo del Oro
  • Llano Restrepo, Maria Clara y Marcela Campuzano 1994: La Chicha, una bebida fermentada a traves de la historia . Bogota: Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia
  • Lleras Perez, Roberto (1990). Diferentes oleadas de poblamiento en la prehistoria tardia de los Andes Orientales . El simposio 'Los chibchas en America' del II Congreso Mundial de Arqueologia . Barquesimeto, Venezuela.
  • Posada, Francisco (1965). El camino chibcha a la sociedad de clases (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). University of Texas . tr. 1?42.
  • Rozo Guauta, Jose (1978). Los Muiscas: organizacion social y regimen politico (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). University of Texas . tr. 1?216.
  • Suescun Monroy, Armando (1987). La Economia Chibcha (b?ng ti?ng Tay Ban Nha). Bogota: University of Virginia . tr. 1?113. ISBN   978-958-601-137-2 .
  • Tovar Pinzon, Hermes 1980: La formacion social chibcha . Bogota. CIEC
L?y t? “ https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ng??i_Muisca&oldid=70386742 ”