Delhi Durbar

Delhi Durbar ho?c Imperial Durbar , co ngh?a "Bu?i ch?u ? Delhi" , la m?t bu?i ch?u theo cach th?c hoang quy?n c?c k? tr?ng th? t?ng đ??c t? ch?c t?i Cong vien đ?ng quang ( Coronation Park ) ? Delhi , ?n đ? . M?c đich c?a bu?i ch?u la m?ng l? đ?ng quang c?a quan ch? c?a Lien hi?p Anh , ng??i đ?ng th?i c?ng n?m t??c hi?u Hoang đ? ?n đ? t? n?m 1876 , đ?n khi chinh th?c b? gi?i tr? do s? đ?c l?p c?a ?n đ? vao n?m 1948 .

Bu?i ch?u đ??c t? ch?c 3 l?n, 1877, 1903 va 1911 trong th?i k? đ?nh cao nh?t c?a đ? ch? Anh . N?m 1911 đ?c bi?t nh?t la vi co s? tham gia tr?c ti?p c?a Qu?c v??ng George V cung V??ng h?u Mary, đ??c bi?t đ?n la Hoang đ? va Hoang h?u t?i ?n đ?. V?i danh x?ng Hoang v?, c? hai đ??c s? d?ng danh hi?u Imperial Majesty , cao c?p h?n c? Majesty th??ng s? d?ng.

Cac bu?i l? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Bu?i ch?u n?m 1877 , con đ??c g?i la Bu?i ch?u tuyen ch? ( Proclamation Durbar ), đ??c t? ch?c b?i Thomas Henry Thornton vao ngay 1 thang 1 , cong b? Victoria, N? v??ng c?a Lien hi?p Anh tr? thanh N? hoang ?n đ? ( Empress of India ). Qu?n ly chung s? ki?n nay la Ba t??c x? Lytton , ng??i khi ?y đang la Pho v??ng ?n đ? , cung cac V??ng t? t? tr? cac x? ?n đ? la Maharaja , Nawab va h?c gi? b?n đ?a. S? ki?n đanh d?u giai đo?n ki?m soat ?n đ? thu?c Anh t? Cong ty đong ?n Anh sang ch? đ? qu?n ly tr?c ti?p t? tri?u đinh Anh. Bu?i ch?u nay v? sau th??ng b? ch? trich do co v? no la xu h??ng đanh l?c h??ng s? ki?n đ?i n?n đoi 1876?1878 di?n ra ? toan b? ?n đ? ^[1].

Bu?i ch?u n?m 1903 , t? ch?c m?ng l? len ngoi c?a Edward VII c?a Anh cung Alexandra c?a đan M?ch . Hai ng??i la Hoang đ? va Hoang h?u c?a ?n đ? đ?u tien. M?t bu?i l? m?ng 2 tu?n lien ti?p di?n ra ? Delhi, d??i s? bien đ?o c?a H?u t??c Curzon , khi ?y la Pho v??ng ?n đ? ^[2]. đay la bu?i ch?u Delhi l?ng l?y va xa hoa nh?t v?i m?i s? trang l?, khong co bu?i ch?u nao co th? sanh đ??c. Trai v?i s? k? v?ng c?a H?u t??c Curzon, v? ch?ng nha Vua khong đ?n d? ma ch? g?i Prince Arthur, Cong t??c x? Connaught thay m?t anh trai minh cung đoan th? phai đoan Anh v?i nhi?u ng??i quy?n cao ch?c tr?ng. Khi di?n ra, v? ch?ng H?u t??c Curzon ng?i tren banh voi , đi theo la cac Maharaja, v?i đ?y cac mon trang tri b?ng vang va v?i voc đ?t ti?n ^[3]^[4]^[5].

Bu?i ch?u n?m 1911 di?n ra t? ngay 7 thang 12 đ?n ngay 16 thang 12 , khi Vua George V va V??ng h?u Mary ch?p nh?n đ?n Delhi tham d?. Cac Maharaja, lanh chua va nhi?u nha ch?c s?c ?n đ? đa đ?n di?n ki?n Hoang đ? va Hoang h?u ^[6]. S? ki?n nay đang chu y vi co s? gop m?t c?a c? đ?-H?u, do đo m?t th??c phim tai li?u mang nhan đ? With Our King and Queen Through India s?n xu?t n?m 1912 đa noi v? s? ki?n đang chu y nay. Vi?c co s? tham d? c?a đ?-H?u t?i ?n đ? khi ?y ph?n nao giup cac Than v??ng b?n x? c?m th?y đ??c ton tr?ng, lam m?nh len long kinh ph?c c?a h? v?i đ? ch? Anh. đoi ngai v? ma George va Mary cung ng?i hi?n v?n con đ??c tr?ng bay t?i Rashtrapati Bhavan ^[7].

K?t thuc t? ch?c [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Sau khi Edward VIII thoai v? n?m 1936 ma ch?a k?p lam l? đ?ng quang, em trai ong la Vua George VI len ngoi. Sau đo, tri?u đinh Anh thong cao k? ho?ch t? ch?c m?t bu?i ch?u ? Delhi danh cho Tan v??ng va Tan Hoang đ?, song đ?ng Qu?c đ?i ?n đ? qu? quy?t t? ch?i va t?y chay y t??ng nay.

Sau cung, Ngh? s? c?a đ?ng C?ng s?n đ?i Anh la Willie Gallacher đ?a ra y ki?n khong nen t? ch?c m?t s? ki?n qua xa hoa t?i m?t đ?t n??c ngheo nan ^[8]. N?m 1937 , bai di?n v?n c?a Tan đ? co đo?n: [ "Ta trong ch? va mong mu?n minh co đ? kh? n?ng đ? đ?n th?m đ? ch? r?ng l?n c?a minh t?i ?n đ?" ] ^[9]. Nh?ng sau đo, chu?i s? ki?n Th? chi?n th? hai cung phong trao đ?c l?p ?n đ? đa khi?n đi?u nay khong bao gi? x?y ra. N?m 1948 , ?n đ? đ?c l?p va quan ch? Anh k? t? đo m?t đi t??c hi?u Hoang đ? t?i ?n đ?.

Hinh ?nh [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Delhi Durbar n?m 1877
Than v??ng x? Indore tham d? Delhi Durbar 1877
Osmond Barnes, s? gi? t?i Delhi
đ?i s?nh di?n ra bu?i l?
Bu?i trinh di?n khai m?c H?i ngh? hoang gia

Delhi Durbar n?m 1903
Bu?i ch?u Delhi n?m 1903, H?u t??c Curzon va v? ng?i tren l?ng voi
N?i chinh th?c di?n ra đ?i l?
Rama Varma XV, Than v??ng x? Cochin
Gia đinh v??ng than Mi?n đi?n tham d? Delhi Durbar 1903

Delhi Durbar n?m 1911
Ngai Nizam c?a vung Hyderabad bai ki?n Hoang đ? va Hoang h?u
B?c đ?i l? c?a Delhi Durbar 1911
Malik Umar Hayat Khan , lanh chua vung Punjab
William Eliot Peyton, qu?n ch? v??ng hi?u t?i Delhi

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Chu thich [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Douglas Northrop, An Imperial World: Empires and Colonies since 1750 (Boston: Pearson, 2013), pp. 2?3.
^ Nayar, Pramod K. (2012). Colonial Voices: The Discourses of Empire . John Wiley & Sons. tr. 94. ISBN 978-1-118-27897-0 .
^ De Courcy Anne (2003) " The Viceroy's Daughters: The Lives of the Curzon Sisters ", Harper Collins, 464 pages, ISBN 0-06-093557-X , 61 page Abstract (biography) retrieved from Google 3/14/2007
^ Holmes Richard, " Sahib: The British Soldier in India 1750?1914 ". HARPERCOLLINS. 571 pages.
^ Bottomore Stephen (Oct, 1995) " An amazing quarter mile of moving gold, gems and genealogy ": filming India's 1902/03 Delhi Durbar, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, includes extensive bibliography of the event, retrieved 3/18/2007 Victoria Memorial Inside 2018 Kolkata L?u tr? 2020-06-18 t?i Wayback Machine
^ Coronation Durbar, Delhi 1911: Official Directory with Maps . Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1911.
^ Presidentofindia.nic.in. “Museum and Galleries in Rashtrapati Bhavan” . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 5 thang 5 n?m 2012 . Truy c?p ngay 15 thang 5 n?m 2012 .
^ http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1937/feb/08/the-coronation-durbar#S5CV0320P0-00281 |chapter-url= missing title ( tr? giup ) . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Commons. ngay 8 thang 2 n?m 1937. col. 8?9. L?u tr? 2016-03-05 t?i Wayback Machine
^ http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1937/oct/26/the-kings-speech |chapter-url= missing title ( tr? giup ) . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Lords. ngay 26 thang 10 n?m 1937. col. 1?4. L?u tr? 2016-03-03 t?i Wayback Machine

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Army, Indian (1877). Soldiers' games: 'Imperial Assemblage'. Delhi, 3rd January, 1877 . s. n.
Codell, Julie, ed. (2011). Power and Resistance: Photography and the Delhi Coronation Durbars. Ahmedabad: Mapin.
Codell, Julie (2009), "Indian Crafts and Imperial Policy: Hybridity, Purification and Imperial Subjectivities," Material Cultures, 1740?1920: The Meanings and Pleasures of Collecting. Eds. A. Myzelev & J. Potvin. Aldershot: Ashgate, 149?70.
Codell, Julie (2004), "Gentlemen connoisseurs and capitalists: Modern British Imperial Identity in the 1903 Delhi Durbar Exhibition of Indian Art," Cultural Identities and the Aesthetics of Britishness . Ed. D. Arnold. Manchester U P, 134-63.
Fraser, Lovat (1903). At Delhi (An account of the Delhi Durbar, 1903) . Bombay: Times of India Press and Thacker.
Hobbes, John Oliver (1903). Imperial India; letters from the East (Delhi Durbar) . London: T.F. Unwin.
Menpes, Mortimer (1903). The Durbar (Illustrated) . London: A & C Black.
Coronation Durbar Delhi 1911: Official Directory with Maps . The Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta. 1911.
Supplement to Who's Who in India ? Containing lives and photographs of the recipients of honours on 12th December 1911 . Newul Kishore Press, Lucknow. 1912.
Raman and Agrawal, Sunil and Rohit (2012). Delhi Durbar 1911: The Complete Story . Delhi: Roli Books.
Codell, Julie, ed. (2012). Power and Resistance: The Delhi Coronation Durbars . Ahmedabad: Mapin.

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

[1] Douglas Northrop, An Imperial World: Empires and Colonies since 1750 (Boston: Pearson, 2013), pp. 2?3.

[2] Nayar, Pramod K. (2012). Colonial Voices: The Discourses of Empire . John Wiley & Sons. tr. 94. ISBN 978-1-118-27897-0 .

[3] De Courcy Anne (2003) " The Viceroy's Daughters: The Lives of the Curzon Sisters ", Harper Collins, 464 pages, ISBN 0-06-093557-X , 61 page Abstract (biography) retrieved from Google 3/14/2007

[4] Holmes Richard, " Sahib: The British Soldier in India 1750?1914 ". HARPERCOLLINS. 571 pages.

[5] Bottomore Stephen (Oct, 1995) " An amazing quarter mile of moving gold, gems and genealogy ": filming India's 1902/03 Delhi Durbar, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, includes extensive bibliography of the event, retrieved 3/18/2007 Victoria Memorial Inside 2018 Kolkata L?u tr? 2020-06-18 t?i Wayback Machine

[6] Coronation Durbar, Delhi 1911: Official Directory with Maps . Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1911.

[7] Presidentofindia.nic.in. “Museum and Galleries in Rashtrapati Bhavan” . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 5 thang 5 n?m 2012 . Truy c?p ngay 15 thang 5 n?m 2012 .

[8] ttp://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1937/feb/08/the-coronation-durbar#S5CV0320P0-00281 |chapter-url= missing title ( tr? giup ) . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Commons. ngay 8 thang 2 n?m 1937. col. 8?9. L?u tr? 2016-03-05 t?i Wayback Machine

[9] ttp://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1937/oct/26/the-kings-speech |chapter-url= missing title ( tr? giup ) . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Lords. ngay 26 thang 10 n?m 1937. col. 1?4. L?u tr? 2016-03-03 t?i Wayback Machine

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