Dan t?c (c?ng đ?ng)

Dan t?c co th? ch? m?t c?ng đ?ng ng??i chia s? m?t ngon ng? , v?n hoa , s?c t?c , ngu?n g?c, ho?c l?ch s?. Tuy nhien, no c?ng co th? ch? nh?ng ng??i co chung lanh th? va chinh quy?n (vi d? nh?ng ng??i trong m?t qu?c gia co ch? quy?n ) khong k? nhom s?c t?c. ^[1]^[2] Trong tr??ng h?p g?n li?n v?i m?t qu?c gia dan t?c , dan t?c con đ??c g?i la qu?c dan . Dan t?c mang nhi?u ngh?a va ph?m vi ngh?a c?a thu?t ng? thay đ?i theo th?i gian.

H?u h?t m?i dan t?c s?ng trong m?t lanh th? c? th? g?i la qu?c gia . M?t s? dan t?c khac l?i s?ng ch? y?u ngoai t? qu?c c?a minh. M?t qu?c gia đ??c cong nh?n la t? qu?c c?a m?t dan t?c c? th? g?i la "nha n??c - dan t?c". H?u h?t cac qu?c gia hi?n th?i thu?c lo?i nay m?c du v?n co nh?ng tranh ch?p m?t cach tho b?o v? tinh h?p phap c?a chung. ? cac n??c co tranh ch?p lanh th? gi?a cac dan t?c thi quy?n l?i thu?c v? dan t?c nao s?ng ? đo đ?u tien. đ?c bi?t ? nh?ng vung ng??i chau Au đ?nh c? co l?ch s? lau đ?i, thu?t ng? "dan t?c đ?u tien" dung cho nh?ng nhom ng??i co chung v?n hoa c? truy?n, cung tim ki?m s? cong nh?n chinh th?c hay quy?n t? ch?.

Khong th?ng nh?t trong cach dung [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Th??ng thi nh?ng thu?t ng? nh? dan t?c, n??c , đ?t n??c hay nha n??c đ??c dung nh? nh?ng t? đ?ng ngh?a. Vi d? nh?: vung đ?t ch? co m?t chinh ph? n?m quy?n, hay dan c? trong vung đo ho?c ngay chinh chinh ph?. Chung con co ngh?a khac la nha n??c do lu?t đ?nh hay nha n??c th?c quy?n. Trong ti?ng Anh cac thu?t ng? tren khong co ngh?a chinh xac ma th??ng đ??c dung uy?n chuy?n trong cach noi vi?t hang ngay va c?ng co th? gi?i ngh?a chung m?t cach r?ng h?n.

Khi xet ch?t ch? h?n thi cac thu?t ng? "dan t?c", "s?c t?c" va "ng??i dan" (ch?ng h?n ng??i dan Vi?t Nam) g?i la nhom thu?c v? con ng??i. "N??c" la m?t vung theo đ?a ly, con "nha n??c" di?n đ?t m?t th? ch? c?m quy?n va đi?u hanh m?t cach h?p phap. đi?u r?c r?i la hai tinh t? "qu?c gia" va "qu?c t?" l?i dung cho thu?t ng? nha n??c, ch?ng h?n t? "lu?t qu?c t?" dung trong quan h? gi?a cac nha n??c ho?c gi?a nha n??c va cac ca nhan, cac cong dan .

Cach dung cac thu?t ng? tren c?ng r?t đa d?ng ? t?ng n??c. V??ng qu?c Lien hi?p Anh va B?c Ireland đ??c cong nh?n ? t?m qu?c t? la nha n??c đ?c l?p , ngh?a la co m?t đ?t n??c va dan c? mang qu?c t?ch Anh. Nh?ng theo thong l? no đ??c chia thanh b?n n??c g?c la Anh , Scotland , Wales va B?c Ireland ; ba n??c trong s? nay khong ph?i la nha n??c đ?c l?p. Tinh tr?ng nay xet theo cach nao c?ng gay ra tranh cai, ch?ng h?n nhi?u phong trao ly khai c?a x? Wales va Scotland b?t ngu?n t? đ?y đa it nhi?u cong nh?n Cornwall la m?t đ?t n??c rieng bi?t ben trong n??c Anh. Cach dung thu?t ng? "dan t?c" khong ch? gay nh?p nh?ng ma con la ch? đ? nhi?u tranh cai chinh tr? co th? gay ra b?o l?c.

Thu?t ng? "dan t?c" th??ng dung m?t cach ?n d? đ? ch? nh?ng nhom ng??i co chung đ?c đi?m hay m?i quan tam.

T? nguyen va cach dung ban đ?u [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

T? "dan t?c" trong ti?ng Anh co ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Latin n?t?? (stem n?ti?n- ), ngh?a la: ^[3] Hanh đ?ng sinh n?, s? sinh đ?.

Ch? ngh?a dan t?c [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

? chau Au nh?t la t? cu?i th? k? 18, y ni?m v? dan t?c đ??c đanh gia cao trong chinh tr?, t? đo d?n đ?n s? phat tri?n c?a h?c thuy?t va tri?t thuy?t v? ch? ngh?a dan t?c. Nh?ng nha theo ch? ngh?a dan t?c coi "dan t?c" khong đ?n thu?n ch? m?t nhom ng??i ma g?n li?n v?i khai ni?m ch? quy?n .

Xac đ?nh m?t dan t?c [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Dan t?c đ??c xac đ?nh d?a tren m?t s? tinh ch?t nh?t đ?nh ap d?ng cho t?ng ca nhan l?n c? dan t?c đo. Yeu c?u đ?u tien la cac tinh ch?t ph?i "chia s?" đ??c, vi m?t nhom ng??i ch?ng co đi?m gi chung khong th? t?o thanh dan t?c.

Ghi chu [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ “Nation” . Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged (?n b?n 11) . Truy c?p ngay 31 thang 8 n?m 2012 . 1. an aggregation of people or peoples of one or more cultures, races, etc, organized into a single state: the Australian nation
^ Bretton, Henry L. (1986). International relations in the nuclear age: one world, difficult to manage . Albany: State University of New York Press. tr. 5. ISBN 0-88706-040-4 . Truy c?p ngay 17 thang 6 n?m 2011 . It should be stated at the outset that the term nation has two distinctly different uses. In a legal sense it is synonymous with the state as a whole regardless of the number of different ethnic or national groups?nationalities?contained within it. In that sense, one speaks of nation and means state.
^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, (1879). A Latin Dictionary. Entry for natio. Online at [1]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Dictionary of the History of Ideas L?u tr? 2008-01-12 t?i Wayback Machine : Medieval and Renaissance ideas of Nation

[1] “Nation” . Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged (?n b?n 11) . Truy c?p ngay 31 thang 8 n?m 2012 . 1. an aggregation of people or peoples of one or more cultures, races, etc, organized into a single state: the Australian nation

[2] Bretton, Henry L. (1986). International relations in the nuclear age: one world, difficult to manage . Albany: State University of New York Press. tr. 5. ISBN 0-88706-040-4 . Truy c?p ngay 17 thang 6 n?m 2011 . It should be stated at the outset that the term nation has two distinctly different uses. In a legal sense it is synonymous with the state as a whole regardless of the number of different ethnic or national groups?nationalities?contained within it. In that sense, one speaks of nation and means state.

[3] Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, (1879). A Latin Dictionary. Entry for natio. Online at [1]

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