Cac thanh ph? C?n đong c? đ?i

Cac thanh ph? đ?u tien trong l?ch s? đa đ??c bi?t cho đ?n nay n?m ? vung C?n đong c? đ?i , khu v?c bao g?m ph?n l?n vung Trung đong hi?n đ?i: co l?ch s? b?t đ?u t? thien nien k? th? 4 tr??c Cong nguyen va k?t thuc, tuy theo cach hi?u c?a thu?t ng? nay, khi b? thon tinh b?i đ? ch? Achaemenes vao th? k? th? 6 tr??c Cong nguyen ho?c b?i Alexander đ?i đ? vao th? k? th? 4 tr??c Cong nguyen.

Cac thanh ph? l?n nh?t c?a th?i đ?i đ? đ?ng C?n đong co dan s? kho?ng vai ch?c ngan ng??i. Memphis vao th?i k? đ? đ?ng s?m , v?i kho?ng 30.000 c? dan, la thanh ph? l?n nh?t th?i b?y gi?. Ur trong th?i đ?i đ? đ?ng đ??c ??c tinh co kho?ng 65.000 c? dan; t??ng t? Babylon trong th?i đ?i đ? đ?ng mu?n co dan s? kho?ng 50.000-60.000. Nineveh co kho?ng 20.000-30.000, va đ?t 100.000 trong th?i đ?i đ? s?t (kho?ng n?m 700 TCN).

đ?nh ng? KI ?? la thu?t ng? Sumer cho m?t thanh ph? ho?c thanh bang . ^[1] Trong ti?ng Akkad va ti?ng Hitti , URU ?? tr? thanh m?t ki hi?u đ? ch? m?t thanh ph?, ho?c k?t h?p v?i KUR ?? - "vung đ?t", v??ng qu?c ho?c lanh th? do m?t thanh ph? ki?m soat, vi d? ?????????????? LUGAL. KUR ^URUHa-at-ti "vua c?a n??c (thanh) Hatti ".

L??ng Ha [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

H? L??ng Ha [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

(th? t? t? B?c xu?ng Nam)

Eshnunna ( Tell Asmar )
Diniktum
Tutub ( Khafajah )
Der ( Tell Aqar , Durum? )
Sippar ( Tell Abu Habbah )
Sippar-Amnanum ( Tell ed-Der )
Kutha ( Tell Ibrahim )
Jemdet Nasr ( NI. RU )
Kish ( Tell Uheimir & Ingharra )
Babilim ( Babylon )
Borsippa ( Birs Nimrud )
Mashkan-shapir ( Tell Abu Duwari )
Dilbat ( Tell ed-Duleim )
Nippur ( Afak )
Marad ( Tell Wannat es-Sadum )
Adab ( Tell Bismaya )
Isin ( Ishan al-Bahriyat )
Kisurra ( Tell Abu Hatab )
Shuruppak ( Tell Fara )
Bad-tibira ( Tell al-Madineh? )
Zabalam ( Tell Ibzeikh )
Umma ("Umm al-Aqarib" va Tell Jokha )
Girsu ( Tello ho?c Telloh )
Lagash ( Tell al-Hiba )
Urum ( Tell Uqair )
Uruk ( Warka )
Larsa ( Noi nh?-Senkereh )
Tell Khaiber
Ur ( Tell al-Muqayyar )
Kuara ( Tell al-Lahm )
Eridu ( Tell Abu Shahrain )
Ubaid ( Tell al-'Ubaid )
Akshak
Akkad
Irisagrig ^[2]

Th??ng L??ng Ha [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

B?n đ? Syria trong thien nien k? th? hai tr??c Cong nguyen

(đ?t hang t? B?c vao Nam)

Urfa
Shanidar cave
Urkesh (Urkish) ( Tell Mozan )
Tell Leilan ( Shekhna , Shubat-Enlil )
Tell Arbid
Harran
Chagar Bazar
Mardaman ( Bassetki )
Kahat ( Tell Barri )
Tell el Fakhariya ( Washukanni? )
Hadatu ( Arslan Tash )
Carchemish ( Djerabis )
Til Barsip ( Tell Ahmar )
Tell Chuera
Mumbaqat ( Tall Munb?qa, also Ekalte (Mumbaqat) )
Al-Rawda
Nabada l Beydar )
Nagar ( Tell Brak )
Telul eth-Thalathat
Tepe Gawra
Tell Arpachiyah ( Tepe Reshwa )
Shibaniba ( Tell Billa )
Tarbisu ( Sherif Khan )
Nineveh ( Ninua )
Qatara or Karana ( Tell al-Rimah )
Tell Hamoukar
Dur Sharrukin ( Khorsabad )
Tell Shemshara ( Shusharra )
Erbil ( Urbilim , Arba-Ilu )
Tell Taya
Tell Hassuna
Balawat (Imgur-Enlil)
Tell es-Sweyhat
Nimrud (Kalhu)
Emar ( Tell Meskene )
Qal'at Jarmo
Arrapha
Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta
Assur
Ekallatum
Nuzi ( Yorghan Tepe , Gasur )
Tell al-Fakhar ( Kuruhanni? )
Terqa ( Tell Ashara )
Doura Europos
Mari ( Tell Hariri )
Haradum ( Khirbet ed-Diniyeh )
Tell es Sawwan
Nerebtum or Kiti ( Tell Ishchali )
Tell Agrab
Dur-Kurigalzu ( Aqar Quf )
Shaduppum ( Tell Harmal )
Seleucia
Ctesiphon ( Taq Kisra )
Zenobia ( Halabiye )
Hatra
Idu ( Satu Qala ) ^[3]

Iran [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ecbatana (Hamadan?)
Takht-e-Suleiman
Behistun
Godin Tepe
Rey ( Rhages , Europos , Shahr-e-Ray , Arsacia )
Chogha Mish
Tepe Sialk
Susa (Shush, Su-s?)
Kabnak (Haft Tepe)
Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil)
Shahr-e-Sukhteh
Pasargadae ( Pasargad , Pasargadai )
Naqsh-e Rustam
Estakhr (Istakhr)
Persepolis ( Parsa )
Tall-i Bakun
Anshan ( Tall-i Malyan ho?c Tepe Malyan )
Sandar Konar
Tepe Yahya
Teppe Hasanlu
Bam
Sarvestan
Hecatompylos
Khorramabad
Kermanshah
Nimvar
Isfahan (Aspadana)
Rabat Tepe
Temukan
Darabgard
Hafshejan
Tabriz
Kangavar
Shahdad
Marlik
Chogha Bonut
Ganj Dareh
Ali Kosh
Geoy Tepe
Baba Jan Tepe
Shah Tepe
Hajji Firuz Tepe
Kul Tepe
Shir Ashian Tepe
Tureng Tepe
Yarim Tepe
Vahrkana (Gorgan)
Narezzash (Neyriz)
Zranka (Dahan-e Gholaman)
Shushtar
Shiraz
Urmia
Nahavand
Patigrabana
Bushehr
Hormirzad ( Bandar Abbas )
Semnan
Amol
Karaj
Yasuj
Mahallat
Arderica
Hashtgerd
Bit-Istar
Liyan
Bastam
Ganzak
Jiroft
Shad Shahpour (Qazvin)
Dezful
Shahin (Zanjan)
Ardabil
Tabas

Anatolia [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Cac khu đ?nh c? ? Anatolia th?i đ? đ?ng, d?a tren ghi chep Hitti.

(th? t? t? B?c xu?ng Nam)

?nandıktepe
Miletus
Sfard ( Sardis )
Nicaea
Sapinuwa
Yazilikaya
Alaca Hoyuk
Ma-ri Hoyuk
Alishar Huyuk
Hattusa
Ilios ( Wilusa, Ilion, Troas, Troy )
Kanesh ( Nesa, Kultepe )
Arslantepe ( Malatya )
Cayonu ( Amed, Diyarbakir )
Sam'al ( Zincirli Hoyuk )
Cesterhoyuk
Beycesultan
Karatepe
Tushhan ( Ziyaret Tepe )
Adana
Tarsus
Zephyrion ( Mersin )
Gozlukule
Santantepe
Attalia ( Antalya )

Levant [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Theo th? t? b?ng ch? cai

* Acco ( Acre )

Admah (m?t trong n?m "thanh ph? đ?ng b?ng")
Adoraim (Adora, Dura )
Afqa
Alalah (Alalakh)
Aleppo
Antioch
Aphek (Antipatris, Tell Afik )
Arad (Arad Rabbah?; Tel Arad )
Arqa (Arkat)
Arwad (đ?o c?a Tartus ; Aradus, Arvad, Arphad, đ?o Ruad)
Ashdod
Ashkelon
Baalbek ( Heliopolis )
Batroun (Botrys)
Banias
Beersheba ( Tel Sheva , Tell es-Seba )
Beth Shean (Beth Shan)
Bet Shemesh (nha c?a Shamash)
Bet-el
Bethsaida (sau la ten c?a th? ph? Geshur; et-Tell )
Bethlehem
Bezer (Bosra ? Syria) ^{[
Con m? h?

–
th?o lu?n
]}
Byblos ( Gubla , Kepen )
Dan, former Laish ( Tel Dan , Tell el-Qadi )
Damascus (Dimasqu, Dimashq )
Deir Alla (Pethor?)
Deir Al-Ahmar
Dhiban (Dibon)
Dor (D-jr, Dora)
Ebla ( Tell Mardikh )
En Gedi, also Hazazon-tamar ( Tel Goren )
En Esur
Enfeh (Ampi)
Ekron ( Tel Miqne , Khirbet el-Muqanna )
Et-Tell (Ai?)
Gath
Gaza
Gezer
Gibeah (Tell el-Ful?)
Gomorrah
Hamath (Hama, Epiphania)
Hazor
Homs
Hebron
Hermel
Jawa
Jericho ( Tell es-Sultan )

Jerusalem (Jebus, City of David, Zion)
Jezreel
Kabri (one of several cities called Rehov)
Kadesh Barnea
Kedesh (Qadesh in Galilee)
Khirbet Kerak ( Tel Bet Yerah ; later Al-Sinnabra)
Khirbet el-Qom (Makkedah/Maqqedah)
Khirbet Qeiyafa ( Sha'arayim ? / Neta'im?)
Kir of Moab (Kerak)
Kumidi ( Kamid al lawz )
Labweh
Lachish ( Tel Lachish , Tell ed-Duweir )
Mari
Majdal Anjar
Megiddo ( Tel Megiddo , Tell el-Mutesellim )
Nagar ( Tell Brak )
Nabatieh
Nazareth
Qatna ( Tell Mishrifeh )
Rashaya
Rabat Amon (Hellenistic Philadelphia)
Rehov (Jordan Valley) ( Tel Rehov )
Samaria (Shomron)
Sam'al
Sarepta
Sharuhen ( Tell el-Far'ah South ?, Tell el-'Ajjul ?, Tel Haror ?)
Shiloh
Sidon
Sodom
Tadmor (Palmyra)
Terqa
Tall Zira'a
Tell Balata (Shechem)
Tell el-Hesi (Eglon?)
Tell Kazel
Tell Qarqur (Karkar?)
Tell Tweini (Gibala?)
Tirzah ( Tell el-Farah North )
Tripoli
Tyros ( Tylos , Tyre )
Ugarit ( Ras Shamra )
Umm el-Marra
Tel Yokneam ( Yokneam , "'En-qn'mu")
Zeboim
Zemar (Sumura, Sumur)
Zoara (Zoar, Bela)

Ban đ?o ?-r?p [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ban đ?o ? R?p va vung S?ng chau Phi , ng?n cach b?i ch? m?t vai d?m Bi?n đ? , co nhi?u khu đ?nh c? lan c?n, đ?c bi?t la g?n b? bi?n

Al Ain ^[4] / Al-Buraimi (Tawam c?a Al-Buraimi Oasis) ho?c Al-Buraimi Oasis , ^[5]^[6]
Awwam
Hajar Am-Dhaybiyya
Barran
Bakkah ( thanh đ?a Mecca )
đ?n Barbar
Dhamar
Dedan (Al-`Ula)
Dalma
Dibba
Dumat Al-Jandal (Adummatu)
Ed-Dur
Eudaemon
Failaka
Gerrha
?aram
Ubar (Aram, Iram, Irum, Irem, Erum)ten c?a m?t v? tri đ?a ly - m?t thanh ph? ho?c m?t khu v?c ho?c m?t b? l?c
Julfar
Jubail
Khor Rori (Sumhuram)
Kaminahu (Kamna)
Lihyan
Mada'in Saleh (Al-Hijr, el Hijr va Hegra)
Ma'rib
Mleiha
Muweilah
Nashan
Nashaq
Petra
Qarnawu
Qaryat al-Faw (Dhat al-Jnam)
Qal'at al-Bahrain
?irw??
Shabwa
Shimal
Tayma (Tema)
Tell Abraq
Thaj
Tarout
Timna
Umm Al Nar
Yathrib ( Medina )
Zafar

Kerma (Gel Doukki) [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Jebel Barkal
Napata
Meroe
Aksum (Axum)

Vung s?ng Chau Phi [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Adulis
Keskese
Matara
Qohaito
Sembel
Yeha

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Thanh bang
Danh sach vua Sumer
C?n đong c? đ?i

D?n ngu?n [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (EPSD)
^ “Lost City of Irisagrig Comes to Life in Ancient Stolen Tablets” . Live Science . ngay 30 thang 5 n?m 2018.
^ “Ancient Kingdom Discovered Beneath Mound in Iraq” . Live Science . ngay 30 thang 9 n?m 2013.
^ Cavendish, Marshall (2007). “Geography and climate”. World and Its Peoples . 1 . Cavendish Square Publishing. tr. 8?19. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2 .
^ El Reyes, Dr. Abdulla bien t?p (thang 12 n?m 2014). Liwa Journal of the National Archives (PDF) (b?ng ti?ng Anh). United Arab Emirates: Emirati National Archives. tr. 35?37. B?n g?c ( PDF ) l?u tr? ngay 6 thang 2 n?m 2017 . Truy c?p ngay 5 thang 2 n?m 2017 .
^ Leech, Nick (ngay 22 thang 10 n?m 2015). “The long read: has a lost Arab capital been found on the Oman-UAE border?” . The National . Truy c?p ngay 20 thang 1 n?m 2019 .

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

[1] Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (EPSD)

[2] “Lost City of Irisagrig Comes to Life in Ancient Stolen Tablets” . Live Science . ngay 30 thang 5 n?m 2018.

[3] “Ancient Kingdom Discovered Beneath Mound in Iraq” . Live Science . ngay 30 thang 9 n?m 2013.

[Cavendish2007-4] Cavendish, Marshall (2007). “Geography and climate”. World and Its Peoples . 1 . Cavendish Square Publishing. tr. 8?19. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2 .

[ENA_12-2014-5] El Reyes, Dr. Abdulla bien t?p (thang 12 n?m 2014). Liwa Journal of the National Archives (PDF) (b?ng ti?ng Anh). United Arab Emirates: Emirati National Archives. tr. 35?37. B?n g?c ( PDF ) l?u tr? ngay 6 thang 2 n?m 2017 . Truy c?p ngay 5 thang 2 n?m 2017 .

[TheNational_10-2015-6] Leech, Nick (ngay 22 thang 10 n?m 2015). “The long read: has a lost Arab capital been found on the Oman-UAE border?” . The National . Truy c?p ngay 20 thang 1 n?m 2019 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]