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10°29′S 105°38′E  /  10.483°S 105.633°E  / -10.483; 105.633

??????????????????? ( ?????? : Territory of Christmas Island , ??? : ????地 , ????? : Wilayah Pulau Krismas ) ????????????? ????????????? ( ?????? : Christmas Island , ??? : ??? , ????? : Pulau Krismas ) ???????????? ? ?? ??????????????? ?????????????? 135 ????????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 2,360 ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? 500 ????????

???????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2021 ???????????????? 1,692 ?? [1] ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? (????????????????????) ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21.2 ???????? [3] ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [3]

??????????????????????????????????????? ???? (Richard Rowe) ??????? ????? ????? ?.?. 1615 ????????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 1643 ?????????????????? ?????? (William Mynors) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19 [4] ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? [5] ???????????????????????????????? 63 ???????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????

??????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???? (Richard Rowe) ??????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1615 [6] ???????????????????? ?????? (William Mynors) ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 1643 ??????? ???????????? [7] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 17 ????????? ??????? ??? (Pieter Goos) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1666 ????????????????????????? "????" (Mony, Moni) [8] ??????????????????????????????????? [9]

???????? ????????? (William Dampier) ??????????????????????????? ??????? (Cygnet) ?????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????? ?.?. 1688 [8] ?????????????????????????????????? [10] [8] ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? (Voyages) [11] ?????????????????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 28 ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [12]

?????????????? ?????? (Daniel Beeckman) ??????? ?????? (Eagle) ?????????????????????????????? 5 ?????? ?.?. 1714 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1718 ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? (A Voyage to and from the Island of Borneo, in the East-Indies) [13]

?????????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1857 ???????????????? ????????? (Amethyst) ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????

?.?. 1886 ???????????? ????????? (John Maclear) ??????? ?????????? ?????????? (HMS Flying Fish) ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? (???????????????????) ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????? [8] ???????????? ??????? (Pelham Aldrich) ??????? ?????????? ???????? (HMS Egeria) ???????????????????? 10 ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????????? [8]

???????????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????? 6 ???????? ?.?. 1888 [14]

?????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????????

???????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????-????? (George Clunies-Ross) ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? 900 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?.?. 1897 ????? ???????? ????????? (Charles W. Andrews) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? [15]

?.?. 1899 ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? (John Davis Murray) ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Phosphate Mining and Shipping Company) ???????????? "?????????????????" ??????? ?.?. 1910 ?????????????????????????????? ?????? [16] [17]

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?.?. 1922 ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? [18]

????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????? 6 ???? ???????????????????? ?.?. 1942

???????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ?.?. 1941 ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????? [19] ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 4 ??? ?????????????? 27 ???????????????????????? [19] 20 ?????? ?.?. 1942 ????????????????????????????? ???????????-159 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? (Eidsvold) [20] ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1942 ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? 7 ?????? [19] ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? [19] ?????? 10-11 ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 5 ??? ???????????????????????????????????? 21 ?? [19]

????????????????? 31 ?????? ?.?. 1942 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? 21 ??? 24 ????? 850 ??? ???????????????????????????? 102 ???????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? [19] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? 21 ????? 20 ???????????????? [19]

?????? 17 ????????? ?.?. 1942 ????????????????????????? ????????? (Nissei Maru) ??????????????????????????????????? [21] ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?.?. 1943 ??????????????????????? 60 ????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????? 500 ?? ?????????? 15 ?? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?.?. 1945 ???? ?????????? ??????? (HMS Rother) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [22] [23] [24] [25]

?????????????????????????????????????? 7 ?? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?.?. 1947 ?????????????? ??????????? ??? 5 ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [19]

????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????? ???????

???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 20 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? [26] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 14 ??????? ?.?. 1958 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (order-in-council) [27] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1958 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ?????? ?.?. 1958 [28]

????????????????????? ?.?. 1573 ????????????????????? ????? ???????? (Donald Evan Nickels) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 9 ??????? ?.?. 1958 [29] ?.?. 1997 ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????? (Australian Indian Ocean Territories) [30]

???????????????? ???????????? (Silver City) ???? ?.?. 1970 ????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? [31] ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2004 ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 150 ???? ??????????????????????

?????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????? 19 ???????? ???????????? 14.5 ???????? ???????????????? 135 ????????????? ??????????????????? 138.9 ???????? ???????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????? 4,500 ???? [32]

??????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? (Anchialine pool) [33]

??????? [ ??? ]

????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? ?????? ????? ?.?. 1898

??????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2021 ???????????????????????????????????? 1,692 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? 22.2 ????????????? ?????? 17 ???????? ?????? 16.1 ????????? ?????? 8.9 ??? ?????????????? ?????? 3.8 [1]

????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2016 ???????????????????????????????????? 1,843 ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? 21.2 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 18.3) ????????????? ?????? 12.7 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 11.7) ???????? ?????? 12 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 9.3) ????????? ?????? 10 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 8.9) ???????? ?????? 2.3 (???????????? ?.?. 2011) ??????? ? ?????? 48.1 [3] ???????????? ?????????? ?????? 15 ?????????????? ?????? 5 ??? ???????? ?????? 4 (?????????? ?.?. 2011) [34] ????????? ?????????????????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? [35] [36] ????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? 38.5 ????????????? ???????? ?????? 20.1 [3] ??????? 1,596 ?? ??????????? ????????????? [37] ?????????????????????????? ?.?. 2001 ???????????????????????????????????? 70 ?????????????? 20 ????????????????? 10 [38]

????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? 27.8 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 23.9) ??? ??????????? ?????? 17.2 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 11.2) ??? ????????? ?????? 17.2 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 13) ??? ???????????? ?????? 3.7 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 6) ??? ???????????? ?????? 1.5 (?.?. 2011 ???????? 1) ?????? ???????????? ?????? 1 [3] ?? ?.?. 2011 ???????? ??????? ?????? 0.6 [39] ??????????????????? ?.?. 2001 ?????????????????? 60 ???????????????????????????????????????? [38] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? [40]

????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????
????? ?.?. 2011 ?.?. 2016 [3] ?.?. 2021 [1]
?????? 14.8% 19.4% 22.1%
???? 16.8% 18.1% 15.2%
?????? 10.8% 8.9% 7.3%
?????????????? 9.2% 15.2% 19.7%
???? ? 48.4% 38.4% 26.7%

????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? [3] ??? ?????????? [41] ?????????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 1991 ????????????? 55 ??????????? [38] ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?.?. 1997 ????????????? 25 ?????????? [42] ?????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2016 ???????????????????????????????????? 19.4 ??????????????????? 18.1 [3] ???????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2021 ????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 22.1 ??????????????? 15.2 ??????????? (???????? ??????? ) ?????? 7.3 ???????????????????? 19.7 ??????????????????? 26.7 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [1]

?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? [43] ???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? [44] ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? [45] ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? [46]

???????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [47] ???? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "2021 Census: Christmas Island" . Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development . Australian Government. ???? ????????????????? 16 November 2022 . ??????????? 27 November 2022 .
  2. ↑ Lundy, Kate (2010). "Chapter 3: The economic environment of the Indian Ocean Territories". Inquiry into the changing economic environment in the Indian Ocean Territories (PDF) . Parliament House, Canberra: Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories. p. 22. ISBN   978-0-642-79276-1 .
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Australian Government ? Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. "2016 Census: Christmas Island" (PDF) . ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 11 January 2018 . ??????????? 10 January 2018 .
  4. ↑ Luscombe, Stephen (2019). "Christmas Island" . The British Empire . ???? ????????????????? 4 ?????? 2019 . ??????????? 16 ?????? 2019 .
  5. ↑ "Save Christmas Island ? Introduction" . The Wilderness Society. 19 September 2002. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 9 June 2007 . ??????????? 14 April 2007 .
  6. ↑ James, David J.; Mcallan, Ian A.W. (August 2014). "The birds of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: A review" . ResearchGate . Australian Field Ornithology. ???? ????????????????? 2 February 2017 . ??????????? 20 January 2017 .
  7. ↑ "Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts ? Christmas Island History" . Australian Government. 8 ??????? 2008. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 4 ?????? 2012 . ??????????? 26 ?????? 2009 .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4   Chisholm, Hugh, ?.?. (1911). "Christmas Island"  . ?????????????????? ?.?. 1911 . Vol. 6 (11 ed.). ??????????????????????????????. pp. 294?295.
  9. ↑ "Digital Collections ? Maps ? Goos, Pieter, ca. 1616?1675. Paskaerte Zynde t'Oosterdeel Van Oost Indien (cartographic material) : met alle de Eylanden deer ontrendt geleegen van C. Comorin tot aen Iapan" . National Library of Australia. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2012-08-05 . ??????????? 26 April 2009 .
  10. ↑ Carney, Gerard (2006). The constitutional systems of the Australian states and territories . Cambridge University Press . p. 477. ISBN   0-521-86305-8 . The uninhabited island was named on Christmas Day, 1643, by Captain William Mynors as he sailed past, leaving to William Dampier the honour of first landing ashore in 1688.
  11. ↑ Dampier, Captain William (1703). A New Voyage Round The World . The Crown in St Paul's Church-yard, London, England: James Knapton. pp. Contemporary full panelled calf with raised bands to spine and crimson morocco title labels, crimson sprinkled edges, 8vo.
  12. ↑ "Where is Christmas Island?" . Hamilton Stamp Club . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 20 August 2016 . ??????????? 2016-09-18 .
  13. ↑ "The early history of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society . 22 : 73?74. 1949.
  14. ↑ "History" . Christmas Island Tourism Association. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 8 ??????? 2014 . ??????????? 18 ??????? 2016 .
  15. ↑ Andrews, Charles W. "A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)". in Bulletin of the British Museum. (Natural History. Geology Series, 13 :1-337) 1900.
  16. ↑ Walsh, William (1913). A Handy Book of Curious Information . London: Lippincott. p. 447.
  17. ↑ Jupp, James (2001). "Christmas Islanders". The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN   9780521807890 . ???? ????????????????? 3 January 2017 . ??????????? 2 January 2017 .
  18. ↑ John Hunt. Eclipse on Christmas Island. newspaper article in ' The Canberra Times ', 5 September 2012.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 L, Klemen (1999?2000). "The Mystery of Christmas Island, March 1942" . Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941?1942 . ???? ????????????????? 21 January 2016 . ??????????? 16 July 2011 .
  20. ↑ L, Klemen (1999?2000). "Allied Merchant Ship Losses in the Pacific and Southeast Asia" . Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941?1942 . ???? ????????????????? 14 May 2012 . ??????????? 16 July 2011 .
  21. ↑ Cressman, Robert J. "The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II Chapter IV: 1942" . Hyperwar/ . ???? ????????????????? 20 August 2011 . ??????????? 16 July 2011 .
  22. ↑ Public Record Office, England War Office and Colonial Office Correspondence/Straits Settlements.
  23. ↑ J. Pettigrew, Christmas Island in World War II , Australian Territories January 1962
  24. ↑ Interviews conducted by J G Hunt with Island residents, 1973?77.
  25. ↑ Correspondence J G Hunt with former Island residents, 1973?79.
  26. ↑ Department of External Affairs in Australia. (1957, May 16): Report from the Australian High Commission in Singapore to the Department of External Affairs in Australia. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore. (Microfilm: NAB 447)
  27. ↑ "All set for transfer. (1958, May 16)" . The Straits Times, p. 2. ???? ????????????????? 6 September 2015 . ??????????? 8 August 2015 .
  28. ↑ "Kerr, A. (2009). A federation in these seas: An account of the acquisition by Australia of its external territories, with selected documents" . Barton, A.C.T.: Attorney General's Dept, p. 329. (Call no.: R 325.394 KER). ???? ????????????????? 3 September 2015 . ??????????? 8 August 2015 .
  29. ↑ "Mr D. E. Nickels and Mrs Nickels interviewed by Jan Adams in the Christmas Island life story oral history project" . National Library of Australia. ???? ????????????????? 17 March 2014 . ??????????? 13 September 2013 .
  30. ↑ "Christmas Island" . World Statesmen. ???? ????????????????? 8 February 2014 . ??????????? 5 July 2010 .
  31. ↑ "Island Life ? Christmas Island ? About" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 8 ?????????? 2002 . ??????????? 26 ???????? 2013 .
  32. ↑ "Submission on Development Potential No. 37" (PDF) . Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce. 16 ??????? 2007. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 20 ??????? 2009 . ??????????? 26 ?????? 2009 .
  33. ↑ Iliffe T, Humphreys W (2016). "Christmas Islands Hidden Secret" . Advanced Diver Magazine . ???? ????????????????? 10 January 2016 . ??????????? 2016-01-02 .
  34. ↑ Indian Ocean Territories Regional Plan 2012-2017 (PDF) . Regional Development Australia - Mid West Gascoyne. 2012. p. 21. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 2020-02-27 . ??????????? 2019-10-12 .
  35. ↑ "CIDHS" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 3 August 2017 . ??????????? 28 October 2015 .
  36. ↑ Dennis, Simone (2008). Christmas Island: An Anthropological Study . Cambria Press. pp. 91?. ISBN   9781604975109 . ???? ????????????????? 31 December 2015 . ??????????? 6 November 2015 .
  37. ↑ "AUSTRALIA: Christmas Island" . City Population . 28 June 2019 . ??????????? 13 October 2019 .
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 The Europa World Year Book 2004 . London: Europa Publication. 2004. p. 604.
  39. ↑ Review of aged Care in the Indian Ocean Territories (PDF) . Australian Healthcare Associates. 2014. p. 52. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 2019-08-30 . ??????????? 2019-10-14 .
  40. ↑ Mark Dapin (2008). Strange Country . Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. p. 97.
  41. ↑ Simone Dennis (2008). Christmas Island: An Anthropological Study . Cambria Press. pp. 91?. ISBN   9781604975109 .
  42. ↑ "CIA World Factbook: Christmas Island" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2018-12-25 . ??????????? 24 February 2012 .
  43. ↑ "Culture - Christmas Island National Park" . Parks Australia . ??????????? 12 October 2019 .
  44. ↑ "Christmas Island Heritage - Temples and Shrines" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2020-06-06 . ??????????? 7 June 2020 .
  45. ↑ Christmas Island Tourism ? Culture ???????? 24 ?????? 2014 ??? ?????????????? . Christmas.net.au. Retrieved on 2014-05-25.
  46. ↑ Destination Specialist: South Pacific including Micronesia . Institute of Certified Travel Agents. 2001.
  47. ↑ Neville-Hadley, Peter (14 December 2017). "Christmas Island ? the next big thing in travel? Home to Chinese, Indians and Malays, it's a fascinating mix of cultures" . www.scmp.com . South China Morning Post . ???? ????????????????? 15 December 2017 . ??????????? 17 January 2017 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

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