?????????

????????????? ?????????????
?????????

????? ( ?????? )
ta shemaw [1] ( ??????? )
?νω Α?γυπτο? ( ???? )
???? ??? ( ?????? )
?????? ( ????????????? )
Aegyptus superior ( ????? )
??? 3400 ?????????????????????? 3,150 ??????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? 3 (?????????????)
????????? ?????
?????????? ???????????
?????
?????????????????
????????? ??????????
????????  
? ??? 3,400 ??????????????????
??????????????????? 1 (??????????)
? ??? 3,150 ??????????????????
??????????????? (??????????????)
?????????????  
? ???????
??? 3400 ??????????????????
? ???????
??? 3,150 ??????????????????
????????
?????
???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ???????

????????? ( ?????? : ???? ??? , ??????? ?????? , ??????????????????????????:  [es.s?e.??iːd] , ?????????????????: [es.s??.??iːd] ; ?????? : ????? ) ???????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 30 ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (?????????????????????????????? ???????????? ) [2]

?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? t? ?m?w [3] ???????????????????????? "????????????????" ???? "?????????? ????? " [4] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 3 (?????? 3,200?3,000 ??????????????????) ???????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? [5] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????? (Pschent) [6] ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. Ermann & Grapow, op.cit. Wb 5, 227.4-14
  2. "Upper Egypt" . Brittanica . ??????????? 5 January 2023 .
  3. Ermann & Grapow 1982 , Wb 5, 227.4-14.
  4. Ermann & Grapow (1982) , Wb 4, 477.9-11
  5. Brink, Edwin C. M. van den (1992). The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th.-3rd. Millennium B.C. : Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Cairo, 21.-24. October 1990, at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies. E.C.M. van den Brink. ISBN   978-965-221-015-9 .
  6. Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, A Collection of Hieroglyphs: A Contribution to the History of Egyptian Writing, the Egypt Exploration Fund 1898, p.56