?????????

?????????
	Agha of the Janissaries and a Boluk of the Janissaries ??? Lambert Wyts , ?.?. 1573
????????	?.?. 1363?1826 (?.?. 1830 ???????????)
???????	?????????????????
??????	???????
?????	?????????????????
???????	1,000?1,400 ??? ; 7,841 ??? (1484), ; 13,599 ??? (1574) ; 37,627 ??? (1609)
???????	??????????????
?????????????????	????????????? (????????) ; ??????????????? (?????????)
???????	??????? , ??? ??? ?????
?????????	???????
???????????????	???????????????? , ?????????????????????? , ??????????????????? , ????????????????? , ???????????????? , ?????????????????? , ??????????????? , ?????????????? , ???????????? ??? ???? ?
??????????????
???????????	?????????????????

????????? ( ?????? : Janissary ; ????????????? : ?????? , ??????????: yeŋiceri , [jeni?t?e?i] , ?????? ???????? ) ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ^[3]^[4]^[5] ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? 1 (?.?. 1324?1362) ^[3] ?????? ?????????????? ??????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? (dev?irme) ??? ???????????? ????????????????, ??????????, ???????, ?????????, ?????????, ???? ???????????????????, ??????????, ?????? ???????????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ^[6] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????? 40 ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[7] ????????????????? 17 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? '???????????????????' (civilianization) ^[8]

????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[9] ?????????????????????????? ????????????????? 2 ?? ?.?. 1826 ?? ???????????????????? (Auspicious Incident) ???????????????????????????????? 6,000 ?????????????????? ^[10]

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Nicolle, pp. 9?10.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Agoston, Gabor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450?1800". Journal of World History . 25 : 113. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 . S2CID 143042353 .
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Agoston, Gabor (2017). "Janissaries". ?? Fleet, Kate; Kramer, Gudrun ; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett K. (?.?.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE . Vol. 2. Leiden : Brill Publishers . doi : 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30927 . ISBN 978-90-04-33571-4 . ISSN 1873-9830 .
↑ Balfour & Kinross 1977 , p. 52.
↑ Goodwin, Jason (1998). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire. New York: H. Holt, 59,179?181. ISBN 0-8050-4081-1 .
↑ The New Encyclopedia of Islam , ed. Cyril Glasse, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008, p.129
↑ Cleveland, Bunton, William, Martin (2013). A History of the Modern Middle East . Westview Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9 .
↑ Agoston, Gabor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450?1800". Journal of World History . 25 : 119?20. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 . S2CID 143042353 .
↑ Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East (1991) p. 31
↑ Balfour & Kinross 1977 , p. 456-457.

?????????? [ ??? ]

Aksan, Virginia H. "Whatever Happened to the Janissaries? Mobilization for the 1768?1774 Russo-Ottoman War." War in History (1998) 5#1 pp: 23?36. online ???????? 2016-07-29 ??? ??????????????
Balfour, Patrick; Kinross, Baron (1977). The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire . London: Perennial. ISBN 978-0-688-08093-8 .
Benesch, Oleg. "Comparing Warrior Traditions: How the Janissaries and Samurai Maintained Their Status and Privileges During Centuries of Peace." Comparative Civilizations Review 55.55 (2006): 6:37-55 Online .
Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East (Boulder: Westview, 2004)
Agoston, Gabor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450?1800". Journal of World History . 25 : 85?124. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 . S2CID 143042353 .
Goodwin, Godfrey (2001). The Janissaries . UK: Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-055-2 ; anecdotal and not scholarly says Aksan (1998)
Goodwin, Jason (1998). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire . New York: H. Holt ISBN 0-8050-4081-1
Huart, Cl. (1987). "Janissaries" . ?? Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (?.?.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913?1936, Volume IV: 'Itk?Kwa??a . Leiden: BRILL. pp. 572?574. ISBN 90-04-08265-4 .
Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State . Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7 .
Kitsikis,Dimitri , (1985, 1991, 1994). L'Empire ottoman . Paris,: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-043459-2
Murphey, Rhads (2002). "Yeni ?eri" . ?? Bearman, P. J. ; Bianquis, Th. ; Bosworth, C. E. ; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (?.?.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . Volume XI: W?Z . Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 322?331. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2 .
Nicolle, David (1995). The Janissaries . London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-413-8
Shaw, Stanford J. (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (Vol. I). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29163-7
Shaw, Stanford J. & Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (Vol. II). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8
Uzuncar?ılı, ?smail (1988). Osmanlı Devleti Te?kilatından Kapıkulu Ocakları: Acemi Oca?ı ve Yeniceri Oca?ı . Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu. ISBN 975-16-0056-1
????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? : Chisholm, Hugh, ?.?. (1911). "Janissaries" . ?????????????????? ?.?. 1911 (11 ed.). ??????????????????????????????.

Nicolle, David (1983). Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300-1774 . Osprey Publishing.

??????????????? [ ??? ]

History of the Janissary Music
Janissary section on German-language website about Ottoman empire ???????? 2012-02-05 ??? ?????????????? (not yet exploited) (?????????????)
"Janissary," Encyclopedia Britannica

[Nicolle9-1] Nicolle, pp. 9?10.

[Agoston50-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Agoston, Gabor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450?1800". Journal of World History . 25 : 113. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 . S2CID 143042353 .

[Ágoston_2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Agoston, Gabor (2017). "Janissaries". ?? Fleet, Kate; Kramer, Gudrun ; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett K. (?.?.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE . Vol. 2. Leiden : Brill Publishers . doi : 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30927 . ISBN 978-90-04-33571-4 . ISSN 1873-9830 .

[FOOTNOTEBalfourKinross197752-4] Balfour & Kinross 1977 , p. 52.

[5] Goodwin, Jason (1998). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire. New York: H. Holt, 59,179?181. ISBN 0-8050-4081-1 .

[6] The New Encyclopedia of Islam , ed. Cyril Glasse, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008, p.129

[7] Cleveland, Bunton, William, Martin (2013). A History of the Modern Middle East . Westview Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9 .

[8] Agoston, Gabor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450?1800". Journal of World History . 25 : 119?20. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 . S2CID 143042353 .

[9] Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East (1991) p. 31

[FOOTNOTEBalfourKinross1977456-457-10] Balfour & Kinross 1977 , p. 456-457.

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