?????????????

??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????

????????????? ( ?????? : Watergate scandal ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1970 ?? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????????????????????? ???????? ??.??. ?????????? ???????? ?.?. 1972 ??????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? 9 ??????? ?.?. 1974 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????, ?????????, ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 43 ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????? ??????????? 17 ???????? ?.?. 1972 ??? ?????????????????????????????????? (???????) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[1]^[2] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?.?. 1973 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ? ???????????? ^[3]^[4] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ^[2]^[5] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ? ?????? 9 ??????? ?.?. 1974 ^[6]^[7] ??????????????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Dickinson, William B. (1973). Watergate: chronology of a crisis . Vol. 1. Washington D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. pp. 8 133 140 180 188. ISBN 0-87187-059-2 . OCLC 20974031 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) This book is volume one of a two-volume set. Both volumes share the same ISBN and Library of Congress call number, E859 .C62 1973
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "The Smoking Gun Tape" . Watergate.info website . June 23, 1972. ????????????????????? ????????? (Transcript of the recording of a meeting between President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman) ????? 2012-05-01 . ??????????? January 17, 2007 .
↑ narrative by R.W. Apple, jr. ; chronology by Linda Amster ; general ed.: Gerald Gold. (1973). The Watergate hearings: break-in and cover-up; proceedings . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-75152-9 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
↑ Nixon, Richard (1974). The White House Transcripts . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-76324-1 . OCLC 1095702 .
↑ The evidence was quite simple: the voice of the President on June 23, 1972 directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to halt an FBI investigation which would be politically embarrassing to his re-election; this direction was an obstruction of justice. White, Theodore Harold (1975). Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon . New York: Atheneum Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 0-689-10658-0 .
↑ White (1975), Breach of Faith, p. 29. "And the most punishing blow of all was to come in late afternoon when the President received, in his Oval Office, the Congressional leaders of his party -? Barry Goldwater , Hugh Scott and John Rhodes . The accounts of all three coincide… Goldwater averred that there were not more than fifteen votes left in his support in the Senate…."
↑ "Soon Alexander Haig and James St. Clair learned of the existence of this tape and they were convinced that it would guarantee Nixon's impeachment in the House of Representatives and conviction in the Senate." Dash, Samuel (1976). Chief Counsel: Inside the Ervin Committee ? The Untold Story of Watergate . New York: Random House. pp. 259?260. ISBN 0-394-40853-5 .

?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[congressional_quarterly_vol_1-1] Dickinson, William B. (1973). Watergate: chronology of a crisis . Vol. 1. Washington D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. pp. 8 133 140 180 188. ISBN 0-87187-059-2 . OCLC 20974031 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) This book is volume one of a two-volume set. Both volumes share the same ISBN and Library of Congress call number, E859 .C62 1973

[smoking_gun_tape-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "The Smoking Gun Tape" . Watergate.info website . June 23, 1972. ????????????????????? ????????? (Transcript of the recording of a meeting between President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman) ????? 2012-05-01 . ??????????? January 17, 2007 .

[3] rrative by R.W. Apple, jr. ; chronology by Linda Amster ; general ed.: Gerald Gold. (1973). The Watergate hearings: break-in and cover-up; proceedings . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-75152-9 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )

[4] Nixon, Richard (1974). The White House Transcripts . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-76324-1 . OCLC 1095702 .

[5] The evidence was quite simple: the voice of the President on June 23, 1972 directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to halt an FBI investigation which would be politically embarrassing to his re-election; this direction was an obstruction of justice. White, Theodore Harold (1975). Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon . New York: Atheneum Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 0-689-10658-0 .

[6] White (1975), Breach of Faith, p. 29. "And the most punishing blow of all was to come in late afternoon when the President received, in his Oval Office, the Congressional leaders of his party -? Barry Goldwater , Hugh Scott and John Rhodes . The accounts of all three coincide… Goldwater averred that there were not more than fifteen votes left in his support in the Senate…."

[isbn0-394-40853-5-7] "Soon Alexander Haig and James St. Clair learned of the existence of this tape and they were convinced that it would guarantee Nixon's impeachment in the House of Representatives and conviction in the Senate." Dash, Samuel (1976). Chief Counsel: Inside the Ervin Committee ? The Untold Story of Watergate . New York: Random House. pp. 259?260. ISBN 0-394-40853-5 .

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