? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????????. ??. ?. 2011 ?? ? ?????? ????? 7 ????????? (7,000,000,000) ????? 5 ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????! ???????????????? 1990 ????? 2011 ???? ?????? ????? ????????????? 12.4 ???????? ????? 6 ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????.

??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????.

• "??????? ???? " ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. "????" ???? ????, "?????" ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????. ??????????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????, ???? ?????, ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????.
• ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, 1979 ??, ????????. ? ??? ?????????? ?????????? "??????? ????" ???? ????? ????????. "??????" ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. ???? ? ???? ??????????? ???????? "??? ????" ??? "??????" ??? ?????. '??' ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? "??????" ??????????. ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ("????????") ???????? ??? ???? ????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? 1983 ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??????? ???? ????? 2.2 ??????? (1 kg). ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ??????, ?? ???????? ???? (?????????? ??????????) ??????????, ? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. ???????, ??????????? ????????? ? ???????? "?????????? ?????" ???????, "????? ?????" ???????, ??????? "????" ??????? ?????? ????? ????????. ? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? (1G or First Generation) ??? ???? ??????.
• ?????? ??????????, 1991??, ????? ??? (2G) ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? 2001 ?? ???? ??? (3G), ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? (4G) ?????? ????????? ???????. ? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ("???????") ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????:
  • ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? (Lithium-ion battery cell).
  • ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ("?? ???????") ??????????? ???? ???????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ("??? ????") ?????? ????????.
  • ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?? "?????????" ??????. ? ??????????? "?????????? ???????" ??????. ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?? "??? ??????" (SIM Card or Subscriber Identity Module card) ???????. ? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? "?????????? ???????" ???????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????, ???????? ????????.

????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????; ???????? ?????, ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ???????. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) ?????? ????????? ???? SIM card ???????, CDMA ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.) ????????? ??????? (Verizon) ??????, ????????? (Sprint) ?????? CDMA ?????? ?????? ???&?? (AT&T), ??-??????? (T-Mobile) GSM ?????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? GSM ?? ????????? ????? ?????? CDMA ??? ??? ???????. ?????????, ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????????. ???????? Verizon ?????? ?????????? iPhone ????????????? ??????? Verizon ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? iPhone ????????????. Verizon ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???? AT&T ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????; ???? ???? ????????????. ??????? ????????!! ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????.

Top Five Worldwide Total Mobile Phone Vendors, Q4 2012
Rank	Manufacturer	Gartner [1]	IDC [2]
1	Samsung	22.7%	23.0%
2	Nokia	18.0%	17.9%
3	Apple	9.2%	9.9%
4	ZTE	3.4%	3.6%
5	LG	3.2%	-
5	Huawei	-	3.3%
	Others	43.5%	42.3%

??????????? ?????? 1985 ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ^[3] .???????? ??????? ??.???.???.??? , ??.??.???.??? ?? ? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????? ????????? , ????? ???? , ???????? , ????? , ????? ???? , ????????, ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????????.

????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????, ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? (???????, signal) ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (???????, receiver) ??? “?????” ????????????. ? “?????” ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????. ? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??????. ? ????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????? (antenna) ??????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? (transmitter) ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????. ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? (tower) ??? ?????????????????.

???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???, ???????????? ???? ??? (??????) ???? ????????, ?????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? “???????? ?????? ???????” ?????????; ??????? ????????????? ???? “???????? ???? ?????? ???????” ???? ??????? ??????? (????????????, microwaves) ???????. ???????? ??? ????????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????.

??? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ? ???????? Hz ??? ?????? "????????" ??? ??????. ???????? 1,800 Hz ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? 1800 ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????. ????? 1,600 KHz ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? 1,600,000 ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????. ????? 850 MHz ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? 850,000,000 ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????.

Frequency Bands Used in Telecommunication Applications
No.	Application	Frequency band
1	Telephone modem	1660 ?1800 Hz
2	AM Radio	530 -1600 KHz
3	FM Radio	88 -108 MHz
4	VHF TV	178 - 216 MHz
5	Cellular Radio	850 MHz
6	Indoor wireless	1.8 GHz
7	Satellite link	3.7- 4.2 GHz

?????????? ???? GSM ???????? 900 MHz and 1800 MHz (or 1.8 GHz) ??? ????? "???????????" ??? ????????????. 3G/4G ?????? 2.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz ????????????.

?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????????. ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????.

???????? ??????, ??????, ??????, ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???; ???????? ????, ????!. ????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????, ????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????, X-??????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ? ??????? ???? ? ‘?????? ??????’ (wavelength) ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? AM ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, FM ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????, TV ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????-??????? ????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? “?????????????? ???????” ??? ????????.

“?????? ?????? ???????? ????????” ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? (??? ???????, ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????????) ??? ????????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ?????-??????? ???? ?????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????-?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????; ??????? ???? ????????? ?????-?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? “????” ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????. ? ???????? ????????? “??????????? ?????” ????? ???????????? ???. ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ? ????? 700 ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ?????? 100 ??????? ????? ????????? ???? 700 ??? ???? ???? ???????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ???? “??????” ???????.

??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? “?????????????? ???????” (electromagnetic waves) ??? ???? “?????????????? ???????? (???? ???????)” (electromagnetic radiation) ??? ???? ??????. ? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????, ?????-??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????????, ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????.

??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ???? ???????, ?????-???????, ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????. ???????? ????? “???? ????????? 480,000 ??????” ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ????? “???? ????????? 240,000 ??????” ???????. ? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? “???? ????????? 1 ????” ???? ??????. ? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? 240,000 ?????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? 480,000 ?????? ??????.

? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????. ?????-???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? (?????????) ???? ??????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????.

????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????, ???????? ??????????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ????, ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????, ??????????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???? ????!!

????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ???? ???? ????????????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ????????????.

?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???? ? ? ???????? ????? - ??????????.

???? ????????. ????, ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ???? ????????? ???????, ????????, ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ????? ????????.

• ???? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? (??????????????) ????????????. ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ????????, ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????????.
• ????? ???????? ??????: ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????.
• ??????????????????? ????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. .
• ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????. (?????2.6.2011)

?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????. ? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.

• ? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????
• ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????
• ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????
• ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????
• ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????????
• ????? ??????????????
• ???????? ????????
• ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????????

??????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? (smart phone) ??? ??????????????.

???????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????, ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ?? 2014 ?? ?????? ??. 860.

???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????????? '????????' ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????????????. '?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????????????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????????????' ??????????. ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????.

??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????. ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? (???????)?? ??????? ??????????????. ????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? (???)?? ?????????????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???? ??????????. ??? ???????????... ???? ???? ????? 10 ??????????? ???????! ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????. ? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ???????????, ?????? ??????, ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????

????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????. ? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? eUNO R10 ?????????? ??? ?????????????????.

• ??????????????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????, ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????. ? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????, ????????, ????????? ??????????????.
• ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ? ???, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????.

• ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????

??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ??????, ??? ????? (???? ???????????), ????????? ????, ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ???????, ?????????, ????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? ??????, ??? electronics ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? . ??????. ?????? 5.5 ??????? ??????? ?? 2012 ?????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? " , ???????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ; . ?????? ?????? 20 ????????? ???? ?????????? , ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ... ?? 15 ????????????, ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? . "

??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????. ^[4]

?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ???????? (???????:?????????) ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? (???????:?????????) ?? ???????? ?????? ( ???????:???????) ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??.2,399 ?????? ????.. ????????,2019 ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??.3,826 ??????? ??????. ^[5]

• ?????? ??????????????, ????? ??????, ????????? ???????, Indian Express, circa 2012

• How cell phone works?
• ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????