Proton

The quark structure of the proton. The color assignment of individual quarks is arbitrary, but all three colors must be present. Forces between quarks are mediated by gluons .
????????	Baryon
??????	2 up quark s, 1 down quark
?? ????????	Fermionic
Interaction s	Gravity , electromagnetic , weak , strong
??????	Error no symbol defined, Error no symbol defined, Error no symbol defined
???????? ????	Antiproton
????????????	William Prout (1815)
????????	Ernest Rutherford (1917?1919, named by him, 1920)
??????????	1.672 621 777 (74) × 10 ?27   kg [1] 938.272 046 (21)  MeV/ c 2 [1] 1.007 276 466 812 (90)  u [1]
???? ?????????	> 2.1 × 10 29  years (stable)
????????????	+1  e 1.602 176 565 (35) × 10 ?19   C [1]
??????????	0.8775(51)  fm [1]
??????? ????	< 5.4 × 10 ?24  e·cm
Electric polarizability	1.20(6) × 10 ?3  fm 3
???????? ????	1.410 606 743 (33) × 10 ?26   J · T ?1 [1] 1.521 032 210 (12) × 10 ?3   μ B [1] 2.792 847 356 (23)  μ N [1]
Magnetic polarizability	1.9(5) × 10 ?4  fm 3
??????	½
Isospin	½
Parity	+1
?????????	I ( J P ) = ½ ( ½ + )

???????? ????? ?? ???????? , ???? ?????? p ???? p+, ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???, ?????????, ??????????? ???????? "????????"?? ??????????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? (????????) ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ? ???????? ??? "?????" ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? (The word proton is Greek for "first"), ? ???? 1920 ?? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? (??????? ?????????? ???????) ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????.

The proton was therefore a candidate to be a fundamental particle and a building block of nitrogen and all other heavier atomic nuclei.

?????? [ ?????? ]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7} Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N. and Newell, D.B. (2011), "The 2010 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants" , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, US.