???????? ????

???????? ???? ???????? ?????? , ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ??????. ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ????. ??????? ???? ???? ??????,, ???????? ????? ???????? , ???????? . ????????? ??????? US ????? .

???????? ???? 2,000 ????? 4,000 ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????; ^[1] ?????? ???????????, ?????????, ???? ???????. 1493?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ^[2]

???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, 16? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????. 1898??, ????????-???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????. ^[2]^[3]

???????? ???? ???? ?????, ????????, ???????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????. ??? ?????? , ?????? , ???????, ???????? ????????? ????????.

???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????, ?????????? ??????? ???????. ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? , ???????? ????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ????????.

???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????, ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????????.

??? ???? ??????

????????

??????

↑ Stacy Taus-Bolstad (1 September 2004). Puerto Ricans in America . Lerner Publications. pp. 7?. ISBN 978-0-8225-3953-7 . OCLC 1245779085 .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "CIA World Factbook ? Puerto Rico" . Retrieved 5 August 2019 .
↑ Jose Trias Monge.

[Taus-Bolstad20042-1] Stacy Taus-Bolstad (1 September 2004). Puerto Ricans in America . Lerner Publications. pp. 7?. ISBN 978-0-8225-3953-7 . OCLC 1245779085 .

[CIA_World_Factbook_-_Puerto_Rico3-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "CIA World Factbook ? Puerto Rico" . Retrieved 5 August 2019 .

[3] Jose Trias Monge.

[1]

[2]

[3]