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???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ???????????, "??????? ??????" ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? (???????? ??????? ????????????). ???????, ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? "?????-?????? ???????? ??????" ???? "????? ???????? ??????" ??????. ?????? ??????? "?????-?????? ???????? ??????" ???? "????? ????????????????? ??????" ??? ?????????????. ^[2] ^[3]

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???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???????? ????? ????, ???????? " ???????????? ?????????? ?????? " ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????????. ?????????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????.??? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???????? (???????) ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????????. ? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????. ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?????????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????. ????????, ???????????, ??????? , ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????????. ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????????.

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? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? "???????????? ," " ???????????? ," "????????," "????? ???? ??????? " ???????.

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ISO 3166-2 , ??????, ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????- ?????? 2 .
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↑ "What does Administration mean?" . The STANDS4 Network.
↑ "Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL)" . FAO. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
↑ "Core Geo-Database" . United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG). Archived from the original on 1 May 2014 . Retrieved 1 May 2014 .

????? ???????

???????? ??????? SALB ????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. Archived 2014-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
???????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????-???????-?????? ????-?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? , (???. GH. AH. AS ??? (GH) ???? ????? ???? (AH) ????????? ??????? ???? (AE)?? ???????????.

[1] "What does Administration mean?" . The STANDS4 Network.

[2] "Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL)" . FAO. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.

[3] "Core Geo-Database" . United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG). Archived from the original on 1 May 2014 . Retrieved 1 May 2014 .

[1]

[2]

[3]