???????????
|
|
??????
|
IUPAC ?????
(3β)-?cholest-?5-?en-?3-?ol
|
??? ??????
(10
R
,?13
R
)-?10,?13-?dimethyl-?17-?(6-?methylheptan-?2-?yl)-?2,?3,?4,?7,?8,?9,?11,?12,?14,?15,?16,?17-?dodecahydro-?1
H
-?cyclopenta?[
a
]phenanthren-?3-?ol
|
????????? ???????
|
??.?.???. ?????
|
[57-88-5]
|
??? ????
|
5997
|
SMILES
|
O[C@@H]4C/C3=C/C[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC4
|
InChI=1/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9,18-19,21-25,28H,6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1
|
????????
|
|
C
27
H
46
O
|
?????? ??????????
|
386.65 g/mol
|
???????
|
white crystalline powder
[1]
|
???????
|
1.052 g/cm
3
|
???????? ??????
|
148?150 °C
[1]
|
????????? ??????
|
360 °C (decomposes)
|
|
0.095 mg/L (30 °C)
|
?????????
|
soluble in
acetone
,
benzene
,
chloroform
,
ethanol
,
ether
,
hexane
,
isopropyl myristate
,
methanol
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state
(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Y
verify
(
what is
Y
N
?)
|
Infobox references
|
|
|
????????????
????
???????????
(
??????
Cholesterol) ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (lipid) ???? ?? ???
??????
(fat) ???????. ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? (fat) ?? ????? (lipid) ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????; ???? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ? cholesterol ??? ???? '-ol' ????? ????????. ????? ?????????? ???? ???? '-ol' ????? ????? ????????????
????????
(alcohol) ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????. ??? ?? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????????? cholesterol ??? ????, ???????????? '????????????' ??? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? '????????????' ?? '???????????' ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? '???????????' ??? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? '-al' ????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? (aldehydes) ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????.
????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? (cholesterol) ?????? ??????????? (steroid) ???? ????????, ????????? (alcohol) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? + ????????? = ????????? (sterol).
?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????. ????? ?????????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? '????' (chole) ????
????????
???? ???????? (bile), ????????? (stereos) ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? '-ol' ??? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ???????, 1769??
?????????
(gall bladder) ?? ???? ??????? ??????? (gall stones) ?? ? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? '????????????' ??? ???? ????????. ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????, '????????????' ??? ????????. ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????
????????????
???????. ????? = ????, ??? = ?????? (?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????), ???? = ?????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????, -???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????, ???????????, ??????????? ??? -???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.
?? ??????? ???????????
[
??????
]
????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????. ?? ???? ??????? (68 ?????? ???? 150 ?????? ???????? ???????) ??????? ?????? 1 ?????? (1,000 ??????????????) ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? 35 ???????? ???????. ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? 200?300 ?????????????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????.
???????????? ???????
[
??????
]
???????????? ????? ????????????? ????????
??????
(tissue) ????
??????
(cell membrane) ?? ???????? ?? ????? (lipid) . ??????? ????? ???? ??? (plasma) ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????; ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????.
????????????
???????
????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? (lipoproteins) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (very low density lipoproteins or VLDL), ????? ??????? ?????????????? (intermediate density lipoproteins or IDL), ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (low density lipoproteins or LDL), ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (high density lopoproteins or HDL) . ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????? (lipid theory) ??????. ? ???????????
??????????
?????????, ??????????? (atherosclerosis) ??????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ? ??????????? ????? ???????? myocardial infarction ???????, ????????? ????? heart attack ???????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????.
??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????,
???????????????
(triglycerides),
?????????????
(??????????????) ??????. ???? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????.
[2]
??????
,
??????
,
?????? ?????
,
???? ?????
,
???? ?????
,, ???????? (?? ????? ???) ??, ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????.
[3]
?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????.
[4]
. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????.
[3]
???????????, ?????? ???????????
?????
,
????????
???????
???? ????????
??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????
????
??????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????.
[5]
??????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? - ????????
??????? ??????
,
????????? ??????
(trans fat)
[6]
- ????? ????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????, ??????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????., ??? ???? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????.
[7]
??? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????
?????
??? 7% ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, 200 mg ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.
[8]
- V. Vemuri, "Cholesterol: The Good Villain,"
Science Reporter
, pp 40?42, Jan 1994, CSIR, New Delhi.