???????????

?????????? ?????
Jump to navigation Jump to search
???????????
??????
IUPAC ?????
(3β)-?cholest-?5-?en-?3-?ol
??? ??????
(10 R ,?13 R )-?10,?13-?dimethyl-?17-?(6-?methylheptan-?2-?yl)-?2,?3,?4,?7,?8,?9,?11,?12,?14,?15,?16,?17-?dodecahydro-?1 H -?cyclopenta?[ a ]phenanthren-?3-?ol
????????? ???????
??.?.???. ????? [57-88-5]
??? ???? 5997
SMILES O[C@@H]4C/C3=C/C[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC4
  • InChI=1/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9,18-19,21-25,28H,6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1

????????
C 27 H 46 O
?????? ?????????? 386.65 g/mol
??????? white crystalline powder [1]
??????? 1.052 g/cm 3
???????? ?????? 148?150 °C [1]
????????? ?????? 360 °C (decomposes)
0.095 mg/L (30 °C)
????????? soluble in acetone , benzene , chloroform , ethanol , ether , hexane , isopropyl myristate , methanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY   verify  ( what is   checkY ☒N  ?)
Infobox references

???????????? ???? ??????????? ( ?????? Cholesterol) ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (lipid) ???? ?? ??? ?????? (fat) ???????. ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? (fat) ?? ????? (lipid) ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????; ???? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ? cholesterol ??? ???? '-ol' ????? ????????. ????? ?????????? ???? ???? '-ol' ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? (alcohol) ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????. ??? ?? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????????? cholesterol ??? ????, ???????????? '????????????' ??? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? '????????????' ?? '???????????' ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? '???????????' ??? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? '-al' ????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? (aldehydes) ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????.

????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? (cholesterol) ?????? ??????????? (steroid) ???? ????????, ????????? (alcohol) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? + ????????? = ????????? (sterol).

???? ???? ???

[ ?????? ]

?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????. ????? ?????????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? '????' (chole) ???? ???????? ???? ???????? (bile), ????????? (stereos) ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? '-ol' ??? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ???????, 1769?? ????????? (gall bladder) ?? ???? ??????? ??????? (gall stones) ?? ? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? '????????????' ??? ???? ????????. ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????, '????????????' ??? ????????. ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ????? = ????, ??? = ?????? (?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????), ???? = ?????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????, -???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????, ???????????, ??????????? ??? -???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.

?? ??????? ???????????

[ ?????? ]

????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????. ?? ???? ??????? (68 ?????? ???? 150 ?????? ???????? ???????) ??????? ?????? 1 ?????? (1,000 ??????????????) ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? 35 ???????? ???????. ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? 200?300 ?????????????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????.

???????????? ???????

[ ?????? ]

???????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? (tissue) ???? ?????? (cell membrane) ?? ???????? ?? ????? (lipid) . ??????? ????? ???? ??? (plasma) ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????; ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????.

???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? (lipoproteins) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (very low density lipoproteins or VLDL), ????? ??????? ?????????????? (intermediate density lipoproteins or IDL), ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (low density lipoproteins or LDL), ?????? ??????? ?????????????? (high density lopoproteins or HDL) . ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????? (lipid theory) ??????. ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? (atherosclerosis) ??????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ? ??????????? ????? ???????? myocardial infarction ???????, ????????? ????? heart attack ???????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??????

[ ?????? ]

??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????, ??????????????? (triglycerides), ????????????? (??????????????) ??????. ???? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????. [2] ?????? , ?????? , ?????? ????? , ???? ????? , ???? ????? ,, ???????? (?? ????? ???) ??, ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????. [3] ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????. [4] . ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. [3] ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? , ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????. [5]

??????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? - ???????? ??????? ?????? , ????????? ?????? (trans fat) [6] - ????? ????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????, ??????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????., ??? ???? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????. [7]

??? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? 7% ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, 200 mg ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????. [8]

??????

[ ?????? ]
  • V. Vemuri, "Cholesterol: The Good Villain," Science Reporter , pp 40?42, Jan 1994, CSIR, New Delhi.

???? ???????

[ ?????? ]

???????????

[ ?????? ]
  1. 1.0 1.1 "Safety (MSDS) data for cholesterol" . Archived from the original on 2007-07-12 . Retrieved 2007-10-20 .
  2. Christie, William (2003). Lipid analysis: isolation, separation, identification, and structural analysis of lipids . Ayr, Scotland: Oily Press. ISBN   0-9531949-5-7 .
  3. 3.0 3.1 "USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21" (PDF) . United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-01 . Retrieved 2008-10-24 .
  4. Jensen RG; Hagerty MM; McMahon KE (1 June 1978). "Lipids of human milk and infant formulas: a review" (PDF) . Am J Clin Nutr . 31 (6): 990?1016. PMID   352132 .
  5. Ostlund RE; Racette, SB; Stenson WF (2003). "Inhibition of cholesterol absorption by phytosterol-replete wheat germ compared with phytosterol-depleted wheat germ" . Am J Clin Nutr . 77 (6): 1385?1589. PMID   12791614 .
  6. " "Health effects of trans fatty acids" (review article)". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . 66 : 1006S-1010S.
  7. Lopez-Garcia, E. " "Consumption of trans -fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction" ". J. Nutr . 135 : 562?566.
  8. "High blood cholesterol: what you need to know" . National cholesterol education program. Archived from the original on 2013-04-01 . Retrieved 2008-10-24 .