한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????????? - ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????

??????????

????????????? ????
??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????.
????? ??????????????? ??????

?????????? ( ocean ) ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??????? 71% ???? ?????????? (361 ????????? ???? ???????????) ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????????????. ??? ?? ??????????????????, ?? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????. ???????? ???????????? ?????? 71% ??????? ???????? ???????????????? 90% ????????? ???? ?????. [1] ???????? ???? ?????? 97% ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? 5% ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????. [1] ???????? ??????? ????????? 3,700 ??????? (12,100 ???) ?????? ?????????, [2] [3] [4] 1.35 ????????? ?????? ??????????? (320 ????????? ????) ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? 3,000 ??????????? (9,800 ???) ???????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????? 35 ????? (35%) ?????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? 30 - 38 ???????? ???????????? ???????.

???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ??????????????, ??????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ?????????????? 230,000 ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????. [5] ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????; ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????????????.

????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ??????????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ?????????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????????; ??????????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????. ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????. [6] [7]

??????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ≪????≫ ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????????, ?????? (/ o?siː?n?s /; ?????????: ?κεαν?? ?keanos, [8] ??????????????????? [?ːkeanos]), ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????-???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????????. [9]

???????? ???????? ???? [ ???? ]

???? ???????? [ ???? ]

????????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. [10] [11] ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????????? , ?????? ?????????????? , ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????,  ??????? ?????????????, ??????? ??? ??????????????. [7] [12] [13]

#
??????????
?????????? ?????

(???? 2 ) ( % )

??????

(???? 3 ) ( % )

??????. ????

(m)

???????

(km)

1 ??????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? 16,87,23,000 46.6 66,98,80,000 50.1 3,970 1,35,663
2 ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? [14] 8,51,33,000 23.5 31,04,10,900 23.3 3,646 1,11,866
3 ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? [15] 7,05,60,000 19.5 26,40,00,000 19.8 3,741 66,526
4 ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????, ??????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????, [16] ??? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? 2,19,60,000 6.1 7,18,00,000 5.4 3,270 17,968
5 ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????, [17] [18]   ??? ??????????????? ????????????? [19] 1,55,58,000 4.3 1,87,50,000 1.4 1,205 45,389
????? - ????? ????????????? 36,19,00,000 100 1.335 × 10 ^ 9 100 3,688

?????????: ?????? ??????????????, [14] [15] [16] [19] [20] ??????? ?????????????? ???????????, [21] ????????? ???????: ??? ???????? (????????, 2005), [17] ??????????????? ?????????????? [18] ??????? ????????????? ?????. [22] |style=line-height: 1.4em; margin: 1em 0 1.4em 1em; font-size: 0.9em;}}

???????, ????????????? ????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????. ??????????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ???????????? , ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????. ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???? , ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ????????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????.

?????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???????????? ???????

?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????. ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????.

??????????? ??????????

??? ????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????

???????????? ????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????.????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????.??????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????. ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????.???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ??????????. ???? ??????, ???? ??????????? ??? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ????? ????????????? 3 ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????. ????????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????. [23]

????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????.???????????, ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????.??????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????.

???????????? ????? [ ???? ]

???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????.???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ??????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????, ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????.

?????? ?????? ????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????????? ???? ???????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ???? ??????? ???? ????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????????, ????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. [24]

?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????.????? , ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????.???? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????.???????????, ??????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

???????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??????????? 15,300 ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????. ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????, ???????? ???? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 2% ???? ??????? ???????????. ????, ???????, ???????, ??????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????.??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????.??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????. ???? ??????? ????, ???, ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????????????.

???????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? (?????????? ?????) ??????? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????, ????????(????) ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????????, ?????????. ????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????, 2000 ??????? ???? ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????.

???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "NOAA ? National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ? Ocean" . Noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24 . ????????????? ???? 2012-11-08 .
  2. ↑ Qadri, Syed (2003). "Volume of Earth's Oceans" . The Physics Factbook . ????????????? ???? 2007-06-07 .
  3. ↑ Charette, Matthew; Smith, Walter H. F. (2010). "The volume of Earth's ocean" . Oceanography 23 (2): 112?114. doi : 10.5670/oceanog.2010.51 . http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/23-2_charette.html . ??????? ????: 27 September 2012 .  
  4. ↑ "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 2015-03-11 . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  5. ↑ Drogin, Bob (August 2, 2009). "Mapping an ocean of species" . Los Angeles Times . http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/02/nation/na-fish2 . ??????? ????: August 18, 2009 .  
  6. ↑ "Titan Likely To Have Huge Underground Ocean | Mind Blowing Science" . Mindblowingscience.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-25 . ????????????? ???? 2012-11-08 .
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Ocean-bearing Planets: Looking For Extraterrestrial Life In All The Right Places" . Sciencedaily.com . ????????????? ???? 2012-11-08 .
  8. ↑ ?κεαν?? , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , at Perseus project
  9. ↑ Matasovi?, Ranko , A Reader in Comparative Indo-European Religion Zagreb: Univ of Zagreb, 2016. p.20.
  10. ↑ "Ocean" . Sciencedaily.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25 . ????????????? ???? 2012-11-08 .
  11. ↑ " "Distribution of land and water on the planet" . UN Atlas of the Oceans . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03 . ????????????? ???? 2017-05-04 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |work= ( help )
  12. ↑ "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1" . NOAA . Archived from the original on 2015-03-11 . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  13. ↑ "CIA World Factbook" . CIA . Archived from the original on 2010-01-05 . ????????????? ???? 2015-04-05 .
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Atlantic Ocean" . Encyclopedia of Earth . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Indian Ocean" . Encyclopedia of Earth . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Southern Ocean" . Encyclopedia of Earth . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-10 .
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Tomczak, Matthias; Godfrey, J. Stuart (2003). Regional Oceanography: an Introduction (2 ed.). Delhi: Daya Publishing House. ??????????? ?????????? ???   81-7035-306-8 . Archived from the original on 2007-06-30 . ????????????? ???? 2017-05-06 .
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 " 'Arctic Ocean' - Encyclopædia Britannica" . ????????????? ???? 2012-07-02 . As an approximation, the Arctic Ocean may be regarded as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Arctic Ocean" . Encyclopedia of Earth . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  20. ↑ "Pacific Ocean" . Encyclopedia of Earth . ????????????? ???? 2015-03-07 .
  21. ↑ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF) . International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 ???????? 2011 . ????????????? ???? 7 February 2010 .
  22. ↑ "Recommendation ITU-R RS.1624: Sharing between the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) and airborne altimeters in the aeronautical radionavigation service in the band 4 200-4 400 MHz (Question ITU-R 229/7)" (PDF) . ITU Radiotelecommunication Sector (ITU-R) . ????????????? ???? 2015-04-05 . The oceans occupy about 3.35×10 8 km 2 of area. There are 377412 km of oceanic coastlines in the world.
  23. ↑ "Chapter 34: The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environment". Biology: Concepts & Connections . section 34.7. Archived from the original on 2018-07-13 . ????????????? ???? 2017-05-04 .
  24. ↑ Why Is the Ocean Salty?

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

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