??????????

????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????

?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? : Train ) ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????????. ?????????????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????. ?????????, ???????? ?????, ????????????, ???????????, ????????????, ???????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????????.

?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????????. ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????????, ??????? ????????????????????? , ?????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????. ^[1] ???????? ???? ?????? ????? trahiner ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????????? trahere ???? ???? ????????????????????. ^[2]

??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????????. ??? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????. ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????. 19 ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????. 1910 ????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????, ???????? ????? 500 ???? / ??? ?????. ?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????????.

??????????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????????????????, ????????????????????, ????????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????.

?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????????. ???, ??????? ??????????, ???????????????.

?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. ??????????????? ??????????????????, ??????? ??????????.

?????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????.

??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? , ???????? , ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ??? ????????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????. ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????.

?????? ??????????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? "?????? ???" ???????? ????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????????. ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????.

????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????????. 1920????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? , ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

??????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????. ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ?????.

???????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????????.
????????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????????? ???? ?????? ( TGV ) ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? 3 , 2007 ?????, ??????? 574.8 ????. ?? ?????? ???????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ^[3]
?????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????.
??????? ????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????.
?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????????????.
????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????.
????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????.
???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????????.

??????? ????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????. 1897??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????. ^[4] ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????????. ^[5]

???????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????????? ^[6] ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ^{[note 1]}

???????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????

???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ???, ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????.

??? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????. ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????????????????. ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ^[7]

?????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????.

??????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????. ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????. ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????, ???????????????, ?????????????? ??????????.

??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????????.

??????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????.

????????? ??????????? : ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????.
???????? ??????????? : ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????.
??????? ??????????? : ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????.
????????????? ??????????? : ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????.

????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????????????.

??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? 16 ????????????? ???????????????????.

?????? ????????,
????????? ????????,
????????? ?????????? ????????,
??????? ????????,
??????????? ????????,
?????????? ????????,
?????? ????????,
?????? ????????,
?????? ????????,
?????????? ????????,
???????? ????????,
???????????? ????????,
???????? ????????,
????????????????? ????????,
???????????????? ????????,
????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????.

?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????
??????????????? ?????? ???
?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????
???? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????.
?????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??? ??????.
?????????? ?????????
?????? ??????
??????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????, ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ??????????

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Magnetic Levitation Trains" . Los Alamos National Laboratory . Los Alamos National Laboratory . ????????????? ???? 17 September 2014 . The electrodynamic suspension (EDS) levitates the train by repulsive forces from the induced currents in the conductive guideways.
↑ "Train (noun)" . (definition ? Compact OED) . Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2005-05-26 . ????????????? ???? 2008-03-18 .
↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aW23Aw20niIo&refer=europe
↑ "Etymology Online entry for monorail" . Etymonline.com . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .
↑ "Dictionary.com definitions of monorail" . Dictionary.reference.com . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .
↑ "Quite often, some of our friends in the press and public make the assumption that any elevated rail or peoplemover is a monorail" . Monorails.org . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .
↑ http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/12/stories/2004061211920300.htm ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ The term "track" is used here for simplicity. Technically the monorail sits on or is suspended from a guideway containing a singular structure. There is an additional generally accepted rule that the support for the car be narrower than the car. "Monorail Society, What is a monorail?" . Monorails.org . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .

?????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????????

??? ?????????? [ ???? ]

train ? ????????
???????????? Trains ???????? ????? ????????? ?????.
??????????????? ????? ?????????: tips for rail travel

[1] "Magnetic Levitation Trains" . Los Alamos National Laboratory . Los Alamos National Laboratory . ????????????? ???? 17 September 2014 . The electrodynamic suspension (EDS) levitates the train by repulsive forces from the induced currents in the conductive guideways.

[2] "Train (noun)" . (definition ? Compact OED) . Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2005-05-26 . ????????????? ???? 2008-03-18 .

[3] ttp://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aW23Aw20niIo&refer=europe

[4] "Etymology Online entry for monorail" . Etymonline.com . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .

[5] "Dictionary.com definitions of monorail" . Dictionary.reference.com . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .

[6] "Quite often, some of our friends in the press and public make the assumption that any elevated rail or peoplemover is a monorail" . Monorails.org . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .

[8] ttp://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/12/stories/2004061211920300.htm ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

[7] The term "track" is used here for simplicity. Technically the monorail sits on or is suspended from a guideway containing a singular structure. There is an additional generally accepted rule that the support for the car be narrower than the car. "Monorail Society, What is a monorail?" . Monorails.org . ????????????? ???? 2010-09-11 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[note 1]

[7]