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???????? ???? ????	77.5 m (254 ??? 3 ???)
???????? ???? ???????????	20.1 m (66 ???)
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?????????? ????????	25 ?????????? 1859 ; 164 ???????? ???????
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?????? ????? ????	17 ??????? 1869 ; 154 ???????? ???????
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?????? ???????? (?????? ????? ????????; ?????? ???? : ??????? ??????????? , Qan?t el Sewes ) ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????. 193.30 km (120.11 mi) ??????? 300 ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? 1869 ??? ??????????????. ??? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????.

????????? ???????? ??????? 1859 ??? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????, 1869 ??? ????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ^[1] ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.

????????? ????????? 15,000 ????????? ????????????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????? 16 ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ????? 193.30 ???? (120.11 ????), 2012 ??? ???????, 17,225 ????????? ???????? (???? ????????? 47) ?????? ??????. ^[2]

???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????. ^[3] ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????. ???????, ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? (SCA) ???????????????? ????????. ^[4] ??????????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????????? "?????? ??????????? ???? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ????????" ??????????????????. ^[5]

2014 ??? ????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? 35 ???? (22 ????) ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? 49 ?????????????? 97 ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ^[6] $8.4 ????????? ???????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????. ??????? "????? ?????? ????????", ??????????? ??????, ??? 2015 ?????? ?????? 6, ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????. ^[7]

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???? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ??-???????, ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? 1799??? ???????????????????. ^[10]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???, ^[17] ??????? ??.??. 600 ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????-???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????. ^[10] ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ^[9]^[10].?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????.

????? ???????? ???????????? ??? [ ???? ]

1854-1856 ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????. ???? 1830????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???????, ??????????? 99 ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????. ??????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ??? ??? ????????? ??????? 13 ???????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????? 1856 ?????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? 1858 ???????? 15??? ?????????????????. ???????? ????????? ??? 1859 ?????? 25??? ?????????????????. ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? 10 ???????? ?????????.

???????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? 20 ??????? (66 ???) ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? 240,000 ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????, 68 ??????? (223 ???) ?????? ???????, 77.5 ??????? (254 ???) ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????.

??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????. ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? 8 ???????? (??????? 15 ??.??) ????????? ????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? 11 ????? 16 ??????????????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????.

??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????.

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??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????????????, ????????????? 6 ????? 8 ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

?????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????.

??????? ??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? 1.2 ??????? (4 ???) ?????????? ^[18] ?????? ????????, ??????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????, ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????.

??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????? ?????????? 23 ?????? 2021, ??????? ???????? 05:40 UTC (07:40 ??????? ?????) ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????, ???????? `???? ?????? ?????` ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? 400 ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????. ????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????

?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????, ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????.

???????? 6 ????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? 29 ?????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?? ????????????????????????.

?????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ ???? ?????; ?????? ????????????; ?????? 93
↑ "Yearly Number & Net Tone by Ship Type, Direction & Ship Status" . Suez Canal. Archived from the original on ???????? 15, 2010 . ????????????? ???? Apr 23, 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help )
↑ Suez Canal Authority
↑ "Official Web Site of the Suez Canal Authority". {{ cite web }}: Missing or empty |url= ( help )
↑ Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal of 2 March 1888 still in force and specifically maintained in Nasser's Nationalization Act.
↑ "New Suez Canal project proposed by Egypt to boost trade" . Cairo News.Net . http://www.caironews.net/index.php/sid/224460353 . ??????? ????: 7 August 2014 .
↑ Tadros, Sherine (6 August 2015). "Egypt Opens New ￡6bn Suez Canal" . Sky News . http://news.sky.com/story/1531052/egypt-opens-new-6bn-suez-canal . ??????? ????: 6 August 2015 .
↑ ???? ?????; ?????? ????????????; ?????? 98
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Encyclopædia Britannica , 11th edition, s.v. "Suez Canal" . Retrieved 8 August 2008.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 ^10.6 Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel). History of Egypt (undated, early 20th century), Volume 12, Part B, Chapter V: "The Waterways of Egypt", pages 248?257. London: The Grolier Society.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Hassan, F. A. & Tassie, G. J. Site location and history (2003). Kafr Hassan Dawood On-Line, Egyptian Cultural Heritage Organization ????????????? 2005-04-16 at the ??????? ????????? . Retrieved 8 August 2008.
↑ Please refer to Sesostris#Modern research .
↑ Descriptions de l'Egypte , Volume 11 (Etat Moderne) , containing Memoire sur la communication de la mer des Indes a la Mediterranee par la mer Rouge et l'Isthme de Sueys , par M. J.M. Le Pere, ingenieur en chef, inspecteur divisionnaire au corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, membre de l'Institut d'Egypte, pp. 21?186
↑ Their reports were published in Description de l'Egypte
↑ Montet, Pierre. Everyday Life in the Days of Ramesses The Great (1981), page 184. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
↑ Silver, Morris. Ancient Economies II (6 April 1998), "5c. Evidence for Earlier Canals." ANCIENT ECONOMIES II . Retrieved 8 August 2008. Economics Department, City College of New York.
↑ Herodotus ii.158.
↑ Madl, Pierre (1999). Essay about the phenomenon of Lessepsian Migration ????????????? 2016-07-31 at the ??????? ????????? , Colloquial Meeting of Marine Biology I, Salzburg, April 1999 (revised in Nov. 2001).

??????????? [ ???? ]

Britannica (2007) "Suez Canal", in: The new Encyclopædia Britannica , 15th ed., 28 , Chicago, Ill.; London : Encyclopædia Britannica, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 1-59339-292-3
Farnie, D.A. East and West of Suez: Suez Canal in History, 1854?1956 , a stanmdard scholarly history; 870 pp
Galil, B.S. and Zenetos, A. (2002). "A sea change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean Sea", in: Leppakoski, E., Gollasch, S. and Olenin, S. (eds), Invasive aquatic species of Europe : distribution, impacts, and management , Dordrecht; Boston : Kluwer Academic, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 1-4020-0837-6 , pp. 325?336
Garrison, Ervan G. (1999) A history of engineering and technology : artful methods , 2nd ed., Boca Raton, Fla.; London : CRC Press, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8493-9810-X
Hallberg, Charles W. The Suez Canal: Its History and Diplomatic Importance (1931), a standard scholarly history; 440 pp; online ????????????? 20 ???? 2018 at the ??????? ?????????
Karabell, Zachary (2003) Parting the Desert: The Creation of the Suez Canal , Knopf, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-375-40883-0
Oster, Uwe (2006) Le fabuleux destin des inventions : le canal de Suez , TV documentary produced by ZDF and directed by Axel Engstfeld (Germany)
Rathbone, William (1882). Great Britain and the Suez Canal . London: Chapman and Hall, Limited.
Sanford, Eva Matthews (1938) The Mediterranean world in ancient times , Ronald series in history, New York : The Ronald Press Company, 618 p.
Pudney, John. Suez; De Lesseps' Canal. New York: Praeger, 1969. ??????????:ISBN?
Wilson, Arnold T. (1939). The Suez Canal. Its Past, Present, and Future (2nd ed.). London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press.

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

Suez Canal Authority
Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions
Suez Canal on OpenStreetMap
Encyclopedia of the Orient: Suez Canal ????????????? 25 ??????????? 2018 at the ??????? ?????????
Entrance of the Suez Canal – 1882
Suez Canal Container Terminal at Port Said
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library
?????????? 3min video of sailing the 163km , including the new section
American Society of Civil Engineers ? Suez Canal
Suez Canal map by Strommer, 19th century. Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel. Historic Cities Research Project.
Images of container ship Ever Given aground in Suez Canal BBC News
Explained: The Whole Scenario Of Suez Canal. How Would It Have Impacted The Trade If It Persisted Longer? ? Inventiva

[1] ???? ?????; ?????? ????????????; ?????? 93

[2] "Yearly Number & Net Tone by Ship Type, Direction & Ship Status" . Suez Canal. Archived from the original on ???????? 15, 2010 . ????????????? ???? Apr 23, 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help )

[3] Suez Canal Authority

[4] "Official Web Site of the Suez Canal Authority". {{ cite web }}: Missing or empty |url= ( help )

[5] Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal of 2 March 1888 still in force and specifically maintained in Nasser's Nationalization Act.

[SuezExpansion-6] "New Suez Canal project proposed by Egypt to boost trade" . Cairo News.Net . http://www.caironews.net/index.php/sid/224460353 . ??????? ????: 7 August 2014 .

[7] Tadros, Sherine (6 August 2015). "Egypt Opens New ￡6bn Suez Canal" . Sky News . http://news.sky.com/story/1531052/egypt-opens-new-6bn-suez-canal . ??????? ????: 6 August 2015 .

[8] ???? ?????; ?????? ????????????; ?????? 98

[Britannica-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Encyclopædia Britannica , 11th edition, s.v. "Suez Canal" . Retrieved 8 August 2008.

[Rappoport-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 ^10.6 Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel). History of Egypt (undated, early 20th century), Volume 12, Part B, Chapter V: "The Waterways of Egypt", pages 248?257. London: The Grolier Society.

[Hassan-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Hassan, F. A. & Tassie, G. J. Site location and history (2003). Kafr Hassan Dawood On-Line, Egyptian Cultural Heritage Organization ????????????? 2005-04-16 at the ??????? ????????? . Retrieved 8 August 2008.

[Sesostris-12] Please refer to Sesostris#Modern research .

[13] Descriptions de l'Egypte , Volume 11 (Etat Moderne) , containing Memoire sur la communication de la mer des Indes a la Mediterranee par la mer Rouge et l'Isthme de Sueys , par M. J.M. Le Pere, ingenieur en chef, inspecteur divisionnaire au corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, membre de l'Institut d'Egypte, pp. 21?186

[14] Their reports were published in Description de l'Egypte

[15] Montet, Pierre. Everyday Life in the Days of Ramesses The Great (1981), page 184. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

[16] Silver, Morris. Ancient Economies II (6 April 1998), "5c. Evidence for Earlier Canals." ANCIENT ECONOMIES II . Retrieved 8 August 2008. Economics Department, City College of New York.

[17] Herodotus ii.158.

[18] Madl, Pierre (1999). Essay about the phenomenon of Lessepsian Migration ????????????? 2016-07-31 at the ??????? ????????? , Colloquial Meeting of Marine Biology I, Salzburg, April 1999 (revised in Nov. 2001).

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