????????

????????
	76 Os
	???????? ← ???????? → ????????
???????
	??????????? ????????, ????? ??????????? ;
?????? ????????
?????, ???????? , ???	????????, Os, 76
??????????	/ ? ? z m i ? m / OZ -mee-?m
???? ???	?????????? ????
?????????? , ???? ????? , ????	8 , 6 , d
???? ??? ???? ; (???????????)	190.23
????????? ???????	[ Xe ] 4f 14 5d 6 6s 2 ; 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 Electron shells of Osmium (2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2)
??????
?????????????	????????? ??????? (1803)
?????????????? ; ??????????????????	????????? ??????????? ; (Smithson Tennant) (1803)
????????? ????????
????	???????
???????? ( ?.??.?????? ???????)	22.59 g·cm ?3
?????????? ???????? ?.??.????	20 g·cm ?3
?????????	3306 K ,?3033 °C,?5491 °F
????????	5285 K,?5012 °C,?9054 °F
???????? ????? ??????	57.85 ??. ???? · ???? ?1
????????????? ????? ??????	738 ??.????·???? ?1
??????? ??????	24.7 ????.???? ?1 ·K ?1
??? ????????
????? ????????
?????????? ???????	8, 7, 6, 5, 4 , 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2 ; (????????? ???? -???????)
?????????????????	2.2 (?????? ????????)
????????????? ??????	1???: 840 kJ·mol ?1
	2???: 1600 kJ·mol ?1
??? ????	135 ????
????????? ???	144±4 pm
??? ????????
???? ???????	??????? ?????????
????? ???????	?????????????? ??????? ????? (paramagnetic)
???????????????	(0 °C) 81.2 nΩ·m
????? ???????? ?????	87.6 W·m ?1 ·K ?1
????? ??????	(25 °C) 5.1 μm·m ?1 ·K ?1
??????? ????? (??????? ?????)	(20 °C) 4940 ??.?? ?1
????? ?????	222 GPa
???? ?????	462 GPa
???????? ???????	0.25
?????? ???????? ; (Mohs hardness)	7.0
???????? ????????	3920 MPa
CAS ???	7440-04-2
??? ???????? ????????????? (?????????)
	????????? ???????: ???????? ??? ??????????
	???? ; ??? ; ???? ; · ??

???????? ( Osmium ) ?????? Os ? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? 76 ?????, ??? ???? 190.2 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ??????????. ???? ???????? 22.59 g/cm ³ ?????. ????? ???? 2700 °C. ???????? 5300 °C ?????? ????. ??????????? 29.48. ??????? 2,3,4 ?????? 8. ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ^[2]

???????? [ ???? ]

?????????, ???? ????????, ????????? ???? ??? ??????????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????.

????????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????. ???????? ??? ????????? ?????. ¹⁸⁴
Os , ¹⁸⁷
Os , ¹⁸⁸
Os , ¹⁸⁹
Os , ¹⁹⁰
Os , ¹⁹²
Os (??????? ??????) ???????? ????????????? . ¹⁸⁶
Os ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????. ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ Hammond "Osmium", C. R., p. 4?25 in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8493-0486-5 .

???? ???????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? osmium ??????? ???????? ???????????.

Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the ?????????????? ??????? ?????? 's Chemistry World : Osmium

[1] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[2] Hammond "Osmium", C. R., p. 4?25 in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8493-0486-5 .

[1]

[2]