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?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? (Malnutrition) ?????? ?????????? ???? (??? ?????????????????? ????????????????, ???????? ?????????, ????? ?????????????????) ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. [1] [2] ??? ???????????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????, ????????? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ??? ???????? ???? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????????. ?????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? , ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????.

?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????????? ????, ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? , ????????????????? , ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? [3] [4] . ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? (?????), ??????????? , ???? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????. [5] . ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????. ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? [6] . ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? [6] [7] . ????????????? ???????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? [8] . ????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? [9] [10] . ??? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? [11] .

????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????. [12] [13] . ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????, ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? [14] .

???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????. [15] . ?????????, ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????????????????????. ??????, ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? [16] ??????????????? , ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? [17] ????, ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????????? [18] .

??????? , ?????????? , ????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ???????????????, ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? [19] . ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? [20] . ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??????????? [4] [11] . ??????, ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. [21] . ??? , ?????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. [22] . ????, ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????????? ????????? ????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

?????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????.

??????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? [23] . ?????????????????????? (malnutrition) ?????????? (undernutrition), ???? ??????, ??? ???????? ????????, ??????????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? [24] . ?????????, ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????? [25] .

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ ?????????? ??????? ?????????? malnutrition
  2. ↑ Arthur Sullivan (2003). Economics: Principles in action . Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Prentice Hall. p. 481. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-13-063085-3 . Archived from the original on 2016-12-20 . ????????????? ???? 2021-02-24 . {{ cite book }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( help ) CS1 maint: location ( link )
  3. ↑ World Health Organization (2001). "Water-related diseases: Malnutrition" .
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Facts for Life" (PDF) . UNICEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-12 . ????????????? ???? March 2012 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  5. ↑ "Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition" (PDF) . UNICEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-12 . ????????????? ???? 2012-12-24 .
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Malnutrition The Starvelings" . The Economist . 2008-01-24 . http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10566634 .  
  7. ↑ Kristof, Nicholas D. (2009-05-24). "The Hidden Hunger" . New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/24/opinion/24kristof.html .  
  8. ↑ Scaling Up Nutrition: Unlocking puzzles to transform thinking and action ????????????? 2012-10-30 at the ??????? ????????? by R4D
  9. ↑ Anderson, Tatum (2009-06-24). "Firms target nutrition for the poor" . BBC News . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8114750.stm .  
  10. ↑ "Can one pill tame the illness no one wants to talk about?" . Time . 2009-08-17 ??? ????????? ??????? 2013-08-26 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20130826150457/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1914655,00.html .  
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bhutta, Z. A.; Ahmed, T.; Black, R. E.; Cousens, S.; Dewey, K.; Giugliani, E.; Haider, B. A.; Kirkwood, B.; Morris, S. S.; Sachdev, H. P. S.; Shekar, M.; Maternal Child Undernutrition Study Group (2008). ""What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival".". The Lancet 371 (9610): 417?440. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61693-6 . ??????? : 18206226 .  
  12. ↑ "UN aid debate: give cash not food?" . Christian Science Monitor . 2008-06-04 . http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2008/0604/p01s02-woaf.html .  
  13. ↑ "Cash roll-out to help hunger hot spots" . World Food Programme. 8 December 2008. Archived from the original on 12 ???????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 2 ??????? 2013 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  14. ↑ Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockstrom, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks (October 2011). "Solutions for a cultivated planet" . Nature 478 (7369): 337?342. doi : 10.1038/nature10452 . ??????? : 21993620 . http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html .  
  15. ↑ Baker, Peter; Dugger, Celia W. (2009-07-09). "Obama enlists major powers to aid poor farmers with $15 billion" . http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/09/world/europe/09food.html .  
  16. ↑ "Forgotten benefactor of humanity" . The Atlantic . http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/97jan/borlaug/borlaug.htm .  
  17. ↑ "Fertilizer Runoff Overwhelms Streams and Rivers--Creating Vast "Dead Zones"" . Scientific American . 14 March 2008 . http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=fertilizer-runoff-overwhelms-streams .  
  18. ↑ Dugger, Celia W. (2007-12-02). "Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts" . New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/world/africa/02malawi.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 .  
  19. ↑ Nube M., Van Den Boom, G. J. M. (2003). ""Gender and adult undernutrition in developing countries"". Annals of Human Biology 30 (5): 520?537. doi : 10.1080/0301446031000119601 . ??????? : 12959894 .  
  20. ↑ Sue Horton (2008). "The Challenge of Hunger and Malnutrition" (PDF) . Copenhagen Consensus Challenge Paper . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-11-15 . ????????????? ???? March 2012 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( help )
  21. ↑ UNICEF. "Introduction to Nutrition" . UNICEF. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03 . ????????????? ???? March 2012 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  22. ↑ Wellman, N.S; Weddle, D.O, Kranz, S, Brain, C.T (October 1997). "Elder Insecurities: Poverty, Hunger, and Malnutrition". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 97 (10): S120?S122. doi : 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00744-X . ??????? : 9336570 .  
  23. ↑ Nikolaos Katsilambros (2011). Clinical Nutrition in Practice . John Wiley & Sons. p. 37. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-1-4443-4777-7 .
  24. ↑ "WHO, nutrition experts take action on malnutrition" . World Health Organization . Archived from the original on 21 ???? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 10 February 2012 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
  25. ↑ Nikolaos Katsilambros (2011). Clinical Nutrition in Practice . John Wiley & Sons. p. 39. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-1-4443-4777-7 .

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