한국   대만   중국   일본 
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?????????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????: ?????? ???????? ???? ( ????????? )

????? ??????????? ???? ( World Heritage Site ) ??????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??? ???? ?????. ???, ???? , ??? , ??? , ???????? , ???????? ??????? , ???????? , ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? [1] . ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???? , ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? 21 ?????????????? ?????????????? [2] [3]

???? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ???????????????, ??? ???????????? ????, ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, 16 ??????? 1972 ??? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????, [4] 2012 ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? 962 ??????? ????????????????????. 157 ????????? ?????????? ????????????, 745 ??????????? ?????????, 188 ?????????? ?????????, 29 ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????????. [5] [6] . ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????. ????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? [7] .

????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????????????, ?????? ???????????? ????????? 1200 ? ??? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

??? ????????? ?????? 23 ??????? 1972 ??? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????. ??????, ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? (1965-1972) ????????????????. ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. [8] ??? 16 ??????? 1972 ??? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????????, ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? 23 ??????? 1972 ????? ????????????????. ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????.

1954??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???, ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. [9] 1959 ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? 22 ?????????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? 50 ????????? ????????? ????????????, ????????, ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? (ICOMOS) ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. [10]

1965 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, "?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????" ????????? "??? ????????? ??????????"???? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? 1968 ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????, ??? 1972 ??? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????. [11] ??? ?????????? ???????? ????, ???????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????. [12]

??????????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????.
?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? , ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????, ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.

??????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

2004 ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ??????? 2005??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. [13]

????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? [ ???? ]

  • (i) ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
  • (ii) ?????????? ?????? ??????????? , ???????????????????? ????? ???, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (landscape) ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????, ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????, ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
  • (iii) ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????????, ?????? ?????????????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????.
  • (iv) ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????/??????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? , ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????.
  • (v) ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????????, ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
  • (vi) ???????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????, ????????????, ?????? ???????????????, ????????? , ????????????? ???????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? [ ???? ]

??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? [ ???? ]

??????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????: [14] [15]

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?? ????????????? ??????????? 68 417 11 496 [16]
????????? ????????????? 55 148 10 213 [16]
????????? 39 48 4 91
???? ??????? 5 67 2 74
??????? ????????????? ?????????? 36 91 3 130
Sub-Total 203 771 30 1004
??????? ????????????? ??????* 15 26 1 42
Total 188 745 29 962
  • ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????.

??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????.

????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????. ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????. [17]

  1. ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????
  2. ?????? ??????, ?????????
  3. ????? ????? ?????
  4. ?????? ?????? ??????????
  5. ?????? ?????? ????????
  6. ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????
  7. ???????? ????
  8. ?????????? ?????? ????????????

???????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ????????:

  1. ??????? ????? ?? ?????????
  2. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? (????? ????? ?????), ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????

???????????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ????????? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ????????????.
  2. ?????? ????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ????????????.
  3. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ? 1899-?? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? (rack railway) ?????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "World Heritage" .
  2. ↑ "The World Heritage Committee" . UNESCO World Heritage Site . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-14 .
  3. ↑ According to the UNESCO World Heritage ????????? , States Parties are countries that signed and ratified The World Heritage Convention . As of January 2012, there are a total of 188 State Parties.
  4. ↑ Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
  5. ↑ World Heritage List , UNESCO World Heritage Sites official sites.
  6. ↑ Twenty-seven new sites inscribed , UNESCO World Heritage Sites official sites.
  7. ↑ ??????.????
  8. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage (16 November 1972). "The World Heritage Convention" . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . ????????????? ???? 12 October 2022 .
  9. ↑ Brief History , UNESCO World Heritage Sites official sites.
  10. ↑ The World Heritage Convention : "The event that aroused particular international concern was the decision to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, which would have flooded the valley containing the Abu Simbel temples, a treasure of ancient Egyptian civilization. In 1959, after an appeal from the governments of Egypt and Sudan, UNESCO launched an international safeguarding campaign. Archaeological research in the areas to be flooded was accelerated. Above all, the Abu Simbel and Philae temples were dismantled, moved to dry ground and reassembled. The campaign cost about US$80 million, half of which was donated by some 50 countries, showing the importance of solidarity and nations' shared responsibility in conserving outstanding cultural sites. Its success led to other safeguarding campaigns, such as saving Venice and its Lagoon (Italy) and the Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro (Pakistan), and restoring the Borobodur Temple Compounds (Indonesia). Consequently, UNESCO initiated, with the help of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), the preparation of a draft convention on the protection of cultural heritage."
  11. ↑ "The World Heritage Convention ? Brief History / Section "Linking the protection of cultural and natural heritage" " . UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020 . ????????????? ???? 17 July 2019 .
  12. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage (21 September 2022). "Periodic Reporting" . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . ????????????? ???? 4 November 2022 .
  13. ↑ "Criteria for Selection" . World Heritage . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-14 .
  14. ↑ Stats
  15. ↑ [1]
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 The Uvs Nuur basin located in ????????? and ??????? is here included in ????-??????? zone.
  17. ↑ http://www.worldheritagesite.org/countries/srilanka.html

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

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