Peptida

Peptida (tina Yunani kuna πεπτ??, ti π?σσειν) nyaeta rante pondok asam amino anu disambungkeun ku beungkeut peptida . ^[1] Rante anu kurang ti dua puluh asam amino disebut oligopeptida, sarta ngawengku dipeptida, tripeptida, jeung tetrapeptida.

Polipeptida nyaeta rante peptida anu leuwih panjang, sinambung, tanpa cagak. ^[2] Ku lantaran kitu, peptida kaasup kana kelas polimer biologis jeung oligomer, sarupa jeung asam nukleat , oligosakarida, polisakarida , jeung sajabana.

Polipeptida anu ngandung leuwih ti 50 asam amino katelah protein . ^[2] ^[3] Protein diwangun ku hiji atawa leuwih polipeptida nu disusun dina cara biologis pungsional, osok kabeungkeut ligan kayaning koenzim jeung kopaktor, atawa protein sejen atawa makromolekul sejen kayaning DNA atawa RNA , atawa rakitan makromolekul anu pajeujeut. ^[4]

Asam amino nu geus diasupkeun kana peptida disebut residu. Molekul cai dileupaskeun nalika formasi unggal beungkeut amida. ^[5] Kabeh peptida iwal peptida siklik boga N-terminal (gugus amina) jeung C-terminal (gugus karboksil) residu dina tungtung peptida (sakumaha ditembongkeun keur tetrapeptida dina gambar).

Kelas [ edit | edit sumber ]

Aya sababaraha jinis peptida anu digolongkeun dumasar kana sumber jeung pungsina. Kelompok peptida ngawengku peptida tutuwuhan, peptida bakteri/antibiotik, peptida supa, peptida invertebrata, peptida ampibi/kulit, peptida peurah, peptida kangker/antikangker, peptida paksin, peptida imun/radang, peptida otak, peptida endokrin, peptida ingestif, peptida cerna, peptida kardiovaskular, peptida ginjal, peptida pernapasan, peptida opiat, peptida neurotropik, jeung peptida getih-otak. ^[6]

Sababaraha peptida ribosom bakal ngalaman proteolisis. Ieu fungsi, ilaharna dina organisme luhur, salaku hormon jeung molekul signaling. Sababaraha mikroba ngahasilkeun peptida salaku antibiotik, sarupaning mikrosin jeung bakteriosin. ^[7]

Sintesis kimia [ edit | edit sumber ]

Peptida ribosomal

Peptida antimikrobial [ edit | edit sumber ]

Kulawarga magainin
kulawarga sekropin
kulawarga katelisidin
kulawarga defensin

Peptida Tahikinin [ edit | edit sumber ]

Bahan P
Kassinin
Neurokinin A
Eledoisin
Neurokinin B

Peptida peujit vasoaktif [ edit | edit sumber ]

VIP (PHM27)
PACAP
Peptida PHI 27
GHRH 1-24
glukagon
Sekretin

Peptida polipeptida pankreas [ edit | edit sumber ]

NPY
PYY
APP
PPY

Peptida opioid [ edit | edit sumber ]

Peptida proopiomelanokortin (POMC)
Pentapeptida enkepalin
Peptida prodinorpin

Peptida kalsitonin [ edit | edit sumber ]

Kalsitonin
Amilin
AGG01

Rujukan [ edit | edit sumber ]

↑ Hamley, I. W. (September 2020). introduction to Peptide Science . Wiley. ISBN 9781119698173 .
↑ ^a ^b Saladin, K. (13 January 2011). Anatomy & physiology: the unity of form and function (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 67. ISBN 9780073378251 .
↑ "What are peptides" . Zealand Pharma A/S. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-29. Archived 2019-04-29 di Wayback Machine
↑ Ardejani, Maziar S.; Orner, Brendan P. (2013-05-03). "Obey the Peptide Assembly Rules". Science 340 (6132): 561?562. Bibcode 2013Sci...340..561A . doi : 10.1126/science.1237708 . ISSN 0036-8075 . PMID 23641105 .
↑ IUPAC . " amino-acid residue in a polypeptide ". Compendium of Chemical Terminology edisi Internet. .
↑ Abba J. Kastin, ed. (2013). Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-0-12-385095-9 .
↑ "Microcins, gene-encoded antibacterial peptides from enterobacteria". Natural Product Reports 24 (4): 708?34. August 2007. doi : 10.1039/b516237h . PMID 17653356 .

[1] Hamley, I. W. (September 2020). introduction to Peptide Science . Wiley. ISBN 9781119698173 .

[Saladin-2] Saladin, K. (13 January 2011). Anatomy & physiology: the unity of form and function (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 67. ISBN 9780073378251 .

[3] "What are peptides" . Zealand Pharma A/S. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-29. Archived 2019-04-29 di Wayback Machine

[4] Ardejani, Maziar S.; Orner, Brendan P. (2013-05-03). "Obey the Peptide Assembly Rules". Science 340 (6132): 561?562. Bibcode 2013Sci...340..561A . doi : 10.1126/science.1237708 . ISSN 0036-8075 . PMID 23641105 .

[IUPAC1-5] IUPAC . " amino-acid residue in a polypeptide ". Compendium of Chemical Terminology edisi Internet. .

[6] Abba J. Kastin, ed. (2013). Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-0-12-385095-9 .

[7] "Microcins, gene-encoded antibacterial peptides from enterobacteria". Natural Product Reports 24 (4): 708?34. August 2007. doi : 10.1039/b516237h . PMID 17653356 .

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