Zapadna Frana?ka

Kraljevstvo Zapadnih Franaka

*Francia occidentalis*
Kraljevstvo Zapadnih Franaka ; Francia occidentalis
843.?987.
	Zapadna Fran?ka unutar Evrope nakon Verdenskog sporazuma iz 843.
Prestonica	Pariz
Zajedni?ki jezici	galo-romanski , latinski , frana?ki
Religija	Katoli?ka crkva
Vlada	monarhija
Kralj
? 840?877.	Karlo ?elavi (prvi)
? 986?987.	Luj V Lenji
Istorijska era	srednji vek
? Verdenski sporazum	843.
? Mersenski sporazum	870.
? Uspostavljena je dinastija Kapeta	987.
Valuta	Dene
Prethodnik	Naslednik
	Frana?ka
	Lotaringija
Kraljevstvo Francuska (srednji vek)

U srednjovekovnoj istoriji, Zapadna Frana?ka ( latinski : Francia occidentalis ) ili Kraljevstvo Zapadnih Franaka ( regnum Francorum occidentalium ) odnosi se na zapadni deo Frana?kog carstva koje je uspostavio Karlo Veliki . ^[1]^[2]^[3] To predstavlja najraniju fazu Kraljevine Francuske , koja je trajala od oko 840. do 987. godine. Zapadna Frana?ka je nastala iz podele Karolin?kog carstva 843. godine prema Verdenskom sporazumu nakon smrti sina Karla Velikog, Luja Pobo?nog .

Zapadna Frana?ka se prostirala ju?nije od moderne Francuske, ali se nije protezala u istoj meri isto?no. Zapadna Frana?ka nije obuhvatala takve budu?e francuske posede kao ?to su Lorena , grofovija i kraljevina Burgundija (pri ?emu je vojvodstvo francusko), Alzas i Provans , na primer na istoku i jugoistoku. Pored toga, do 10. veka mo? njenih kraljeva je bila znatno umanjena ?ak i unutar oblasti zapadnofrankovskog prostora usled pove?anja mo?i velikih zemljoposedni?kih magnata nad njihovim zama?nim i obi?no teritorijalno susednim feudima .

Ovaj proces je bio dodatno ote?an ratovima među tim magnatima, uklju?uju?i one protiv ili uz krunu, i beskrajnim invazijama Vikinga . Normandija je bila data na upravu Nordijcu Rolu nakon neuspelog prepada. To je prvo bio okrug, a zatim vojvodstvo, i poput drugih velikih feuda Zapadne Frana?ke, postao je uglavnom autonoman, sa magnatima ponekad mo?nijim od njihovog monarha. U Bretanji i Kataloniji vlast zapadnofrana?kog kralja se jedva ose?ala. Zapadnofrana?ke kraljeve su birali sekularni i crkveni magnati, a tokom pola veka između 888. i 936. birani su naizmeni?no iz karolin?kih i robertijanskih ku?a. ^[4] Do tog vremena mo? kralja postaje slabija i nominalnija, po?to su regionalne vojvode i plemi?i postali mo?niji u svojim polusamostalnim regionima. Robertijanci su, nakon ?to su postali grofovi Pariza i francuske vojvode, postali kraljevi i osnovali dinastiju Kapeta nakon 987. godine, ?to je, iako proizvoljno, uglavnom definisano kao postepeni prelaz prema Kraljevini Francuske.

Formiranje i granice [ уреди | уреди извор ]

U avgustu 843. godine, posle tri godine građanskog rata nakon smrti Luja Pobo?nog 20. juna 840. godine, Verdenski ugovor su potpisala njegova tri sina i naslednika. Najmlađi, Karlo ?elavi , dobio je zapadnu Frana?ku. Tada?nji Zapadnofrana?ki anali ( Annales Bertiniani ) opisuju kako Karlo sti?e u Verdun, ?gde se odvila podela porcija”. Nakon ?to je opisao delove svoje bra?e, Lotara I ( Srednja Frana?ka ) i Ludviga II Nema?kog ( Isto?na Frana?ka ), on prime?uje da je ?preostali deo sve do ?panije prestupio Karlu”. ^[5] Fuldski anali iz Isto?ne Frana?ke opisuju da Karlo dr?i zapadni deo nakon ?to je kraljevstvo ?podeljeno na tri dela”. ^[6]

Nakon smrti kralja Pipina I Akvitanskog u decembru 838. godine, njegovog sina je akvitansko plemstvo priznalo kao kralja Pipina II Akvitanskog , mada sukcesiju nije priznao car. Karlo ?elavi je ratovao s Pipinom II od po?etka njegove vladavine 840. godine, a Verdunski ugovor je ignorisao podnosioca zahteva i dodelio Akvitaniju Karlu. ^[7] Shodno tome, u junu 845. godine, nakon nekoliko vojnih poraza, Karlo je potpisao ugovor iz Sen-Benoa na Loari i priznao vladavinu svog ne?aka. Ovaj sporazum trajao je do 25. marta 848. godine, kada su akvitanski baroni priznali Karla za svog kralja. Nakon toga su Karlove armije imale nadmo?, a do 849. osigurale su ve?i deo Akvitanije. ^[8] U maju se Karlo u Orleanu krunisao za ?kralja Franaka i Akvitanaca”. Nadbiskup Venil od Sensa slu?io je na krunisanju, koje je uklju?ivalo prvu instancu kraljevskog pomazanja u Zapadnoj Frana?koj. Ideja o pomazanju Karla verovatno je zasluga nadbiskupa Hinkmara iz Remsa , koji je sastavio ?etiri ordine koje opisuju odgovaraju?e liturgije za kraljevsko posve?enje. Do vremena Sinoda Kvirzija (858), Hinkmar je tvrdio da je Karlo pomazan u ime ?itavog zapadnofrana?kog kraljevstva. ^[9] Ugovorom iz Mersena 870. zapadni deo Lotaringije je pridru?en Zapadnoj Frana?koj. Godine 875. Karlo ?elavi je okrunjen za cara Rima.

Poslednji zapis u Annales Bertiniani datira iz 882. godine, tako da je jedini tada?nji narativni izvor za slede?ih osamnaest godina u Zapadnoj Frana?koj Annales Vedastini . Slede?i niz originalnih zapisa iz zapadnofrana?kog kraljevstva su oni koje je napisao Flodoard , koji je svoj rad zapo?eo sa godinom 919. ^[10]

Reference [ уреди | уреди извор ]

^ Taagepera, Rein (1997). ?Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia” . International Studies Quarterly . 41 (3): 475?504. JSTOR 2600793 . doi : 10.1111/0020-8833.00053 .
^ Lorenz, Sonke (2001). Missionierung, Krisen und Reformen: Die Christianisierung von der Spatantike bis in Karolingische Zeit . Die Alemannen . Stuttgart: Theiss. стр. 441?446. ISBN 3-8062-1535-9 .
^ Bijsterveld, Arnoud-Jan A.; Toorians, Lauran (29. 6. 2018). ?Texandria revisited: In search of a territory lost in time” . Rural Riches & Royal Rags?: Studies on Medieval and Modern Archaeology, Presented to Frans Theuws (на ?езику: енглески). SPA-Uitgevers: 35 — преко Academia.edu .
^ Lewis 1965, 179?180.
^ AB a. 843: ubi distributis portionibus ... cetera usque ad Hispaniam Carolo cesserunt .
^ AF a. 843: in tres partes diviso ... Karolus vero occidentalem tenuit.
^ AF a. 843: Karolus Aquitaniam, quasi ad partem regni sui iure pertinentem, affectans ... ("Charles wanted Aquitaine, which belonged by right to a part of his kingdom").
^ Coupland 1989, 200?202.
^ Nelson 1977, 137?38.
^ Koziol 2006, 357.

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Spolja?nje veze [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Kingdom of West Francia

[1] Taagepera, Rein (1997). ?Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia” . International Studies Quarterly . 41 (3): 475?504. JSTOR 2600793 . doi : 10.1111/0020-8833.00053 .

[2] Lorenz, Sonke (2001). Missionierung, Krisen und Reformen: Die Christianisierung von der Spatantike bis in Karolingische Zeit . Die Alemannen . Stuttgart: Theiss. стр. 441?446. ISBN 3-8062-1535-9 .

[3] Bijsterveld, Arnoud-Jan A.; Toorians, Lauran (29. 6. 2018). ?Texandria revisited: In search of a territory lost in time” . Rural Riches & Royal Rags?: Studies on Medieval and Modern Archaeology, Presented to Frans Theuws (на ?езику: енглески). SPA-Uitgevers: 35 — преко Academia.edu .

[Lewis_1965,_179–80-4] Lewis 1965, 179?180.

[5] AB a. 843: ubi distributis portionibus ... cetera usque ad Hispaniam Carolo cesserunt .

[6] AF a. 843: in tres partes diviso ... Karolus vero occidentalem tenuit.

[7] AF a. 843: Karolus Aquitaniam, quasi ad partem regni sui iure pertinentem, affectans ... ("Charles wanted Aquitaine, which belonged by right to a part of his kingdom").

[8] Coupland 1989, 200?202.

[9] Nelson 1977, 137?38.

[10] Koziol 2006, 357.

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Normativna kontrola
Dr?avne	Francuska BnF podaci Nema?ka Izrael ?e?ka
Ostale	IdRef