Та?ски ?език

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С Википеди?е, слободне енциклопеди?е
Не поистове?ивати са Та?ски ?езици .
та?ски
???????
Говори се у   Та?ланд
  Камбо?а
  ASEAN [1]
Регион ?угоисточна Ази?а
Бро? говорника
20 милиона
Укупно: око 60 милиона као други ?език ( недоста?е датум )
та?ско писмо
Званични статус
Службени ?език у
  Та?ланд
Регулише Та?ландски кра?евски институт
?езички кодови
ISO 639-1 th
ISO 639-2 tha
ISO 639-3 tha
Распростра?еност та?ског ?езика
Изворни говорник та?ландског ?езика, сним?ен у Банкоку .

Та?ски [а] или си?амски ?език , [б] или ?език та? , познат и као та?ландски ?език ( ??????? ) ? на?познати?и ?е ?език из групе та?-када?ских ?езика . [в] Говори га преко 60 милиона ?уди на Та?ланду [2] [3] и у околним зем?ама. То ?е ?език на?ве?е етничке групе Та?ланда, народа Та? , и званични ?е ?език државе. Та?ландски се од преко 60 ?езика на Та?ланду на?више говори по бро?у матер?их говорника и свеукупно. Преко половине ?еговог речника потиче или ?е поза?м?ено из пали?а , санскрита , мона [4] и старих Кмера . То ?е тонални и аналитички ?език, сличан кинеском и ви?етнамском .

Речник та?ског ?езика богат ?е речима преузетим из ?езика пали , санскрита и старог кмерског ?езика . То ?е тонски и аналитички ?език . Говорници та?ско и лаоског ?езика се ме?усобно разуме?у, ?ер ови ?езици деле више од половине фонда речи, граматику, интонаци?у и самогласнике.

Та?ски ?език се запису?е та?ским писмом ко?е ?е изведено из кмерског писма . Оно припада врсти писма типа абугида . Та?ландско писмо ?е адаптирано тако да може да запише тонске акценте та?ског ?езика. Има 44 слова за сугласнике (21 фонема). Самогласници и дифтонзи се запису?у помо?у 15 симбола ко?и су додатак сугласницима (изнад, испод или поред). Ту су ?ош 4 графеме ко?има се означава?у акценти.

Та?ски има сложен правопис и систем релационих маркера . Говорни та?ски, у зависности од стандардних социолингвистичких фактора, као што су старост, пол, класа, просторна близина и подела изме?у града и села, делимично ?е ме?усобно разум?ив са лаошким , исанским и неким другим ?угозападним та?ским ?езицима . Ови ?езици се пишу мало другачи?им писмом, али су лингвистички слични и ефективно чине ди?алекатски континуум . [5]

Као доминантни ?език у свим аспектима друштва на Та?ланду, та?ски ?е у почетку доживео постепено, а касни?е и широко распростра?ено усва?а?е као други ?език ме?у ма?инским етничким групама у зем?и од оснива?а Ратанакосинског кра?евства кра?ем 18. века. Етничке ма?ине данас су претежно дво?езичне и говоре та?ландски ?език поред матер?ег ?езика или ди?алекта.

Пример текста [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Члан 1 Универзалне деклараци?е о ?удским правима 

''???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 
????????????????????????????????????????.''

Напомене [ уреди | уреди извор ]

  1. ^ In Thai: ??????? Phasa Thai
  2. ^ Although "Thai" and "Central Thai" has become more common, the older term "Siamese" is still used by linguists, especially to distinguish it from other Tai languages (Diller 2008:6). "Proto-Thai", for example, is the ancestor of all of Southwestern Tai , not just of Siamese (Rischel 1998.
  3. ^ Occasionally referred to as the "Central Thai people" in linguistics and anthropology to avoid confusion.

Референце [ уреди | уреди извор ]

  1. ^ ?Languages of ASEAN” . Приступ?ено 7. 8. 2017 .  
  2. ^ Diller, A.; Reynolds, Craig J. (2002). ?What makes central Thai a national language?”. Ур.: Reynolds. National identity and its defenders : Thailand today . Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN   974-7551-88-8 . OCLC   54373362 .  
  3. ^ Draper, John (2019), ?Language education policy in Thailand”, The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia , Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, стр. 229?242, ISBN   978-1-315-66623-5 , doi : 10.4324/9781315666235-16  
  4. ^ Baker, Christopher (2014). A history of Thailand . Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press. стр.  3 ?4. ISBN   9781316007334 .  
  5. ^ Enfield, N.J. ?How to define 'Lao', 'Thai', and 'Isan' language? A view from linguistic science”. Tai Culture . 3 (1): 62?67.  

Литература [ уреди | уреди извор ]

  • ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????. 2549. ????????????????????????????????? (Stress and Intonation in Thai ) ??????????????????????? ????? 24 ??????? 2 (?????? ? ???????? 2549) ???? 59?76. ISSN   0857-1406 Шаблон:EISSN .
  • ???????? : ???????????????????????????. 2547. ???????? : ????????????????????????????????. ISBN 974-537-499-7 .
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  • Tumtavitikul, Apiluck, 1998. The Metrical Structure of Thai in a Non-Linear Perspective . Papers presented to the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1994, pp. 53?71. Udom Warotamasikkhadit and Thanyarat Panakul, eds. Temple, Arizona: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University.
  • Apiluck Tumtavitikul. 1997. The Reflection on the X′ category in Thai . Mon?Khmer Studies XXVII, pp. 307?316.
  • ????????? ????????????. 2539. ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????. 4.57-66. ISSN   0859-3485 Шаблон:EISSN .
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Спо?аш?е везе [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Та?ски ?език на Викимеди?ино? остави .
Та?ски ?език на Википеди?и .
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