Нови ви?ек

Нови ви?ек ?е, по историографско? категоризаци?и, период од пада Цариграда (1453) до кра?а Првог светског рата (1918). За почетак новог ви?ека узима се 1453 . година (т?. пад Византи?е ), а за кра? новог ви?ека узима се Први св?етски рат ( 1914 ? 1918 ).

Писано? истори?и човечанства претходила ?е ?егова праистори?а , почев од палеолитског доба (?старо камено доба“), а затим неолитског доба (?ново камено доба“). У неолиту ?е започела по?опривредна револуци?а , изме?у 10.000 и 5.000 п. н. е, у Плодном полумесецу Блиског истока . Током овог периода, ?уди су започели систематско узга?а?е би?ака и животи?а. ^[1] Како ?е по?опривреда напредовала, ве?ина ?уди ?е прешла из номадског у уста?ени начин живота као по?опривредници у сталним насе?има . Релативна сигурност и пове?ана продуктивност ко?у пружа по?опривреда омогу?или су за?едницама да се прошире у све ве?е ?единице, подстакнуте напретком у транспорту .

Било у праистори?ско или истори?ско доба, ?уди су увек обитавали у близини поузданих извора питке воде . Насе?а су се развила ве? 4.000. п. н. е. у Ирану , ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] у Месопотами?и , ^[7] у долини реке Инд на Инди?ском потконтиненту, ^[8] на обалама египатске реке Нил , ^[9]^[10] и дуж кинеских река . ^[11]^[12] Како се по?опривреда разви?ала, по?опривреда житарица поста?ала ?е софистиковани?а и подстакла ?е поделу рада ради складиште?а хране изме?у узго?них сезона. Радне поделе су довеле до пораста доконе више класе и разво?а градова , што ?е представ?ало теме? за цивилизаци?у . Све ве?а сложеност ?удских друштава захтевала ?е системе рачуноводства и писа?а . Хиндуизам се развио у касно бронзано доба на Инди?ском потконтиненту . Акси?ално доба било ?е сведок уво?е?а религи?а као што су будизам , таоизам , конфучи?анство и ?аинизам .

Основне одлике [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Нови ви?ек почи?е откри?има у области науке , технике , привреде и упознава?а сопствене планете . Нова техничка откри?а као што су проналазак компаса и дурбина или изград?а каравела , нове врсте бродова , омогу?ила су и убрзала географска откри?а.

Знача?ни научници [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Наука у Новом ви?еку ни?е више под директним утица?ем цркве . Истичу се математичари и астрономи Никола Коперник , ?охан Кеплер , Галилео Галиле? и ?ордано Бруно . На?познати?и филозофи су Рене Декарт и Франсис Бе?кон .

Култура [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Разви?а се капитализам чи?и ?е носилац гра?анска класа . Бро? писмених ?уди пове?ава се захва?у?у?и ?охану Гутенбергу , изумите?у штампарске машине.

Референце [ уреди | уреди извор ]

^ Tudge 1998 , стр. 30?31.
^ Muscarella, Oscar White (2013-01-01). ?Jiroft and 'Jiroft-Aratta': A Review Article of Yousef Madjidzadeh, Jiroft: The Earliest Oriental Civilization”. Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East . BRILL. стр. 485 ?522. ISBN 978-90-04-23669-1 . doi : 10.1163/9789004236691_016 .
^ Muscarella, Oscar White. (2013). Archaeology, artifacts and antiquities of the ancient Near East : sites, cultures, and proveniences . Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-23669-1 . OCLC 848917597 .
^ Ma??dz?da, Y. (2003). Jiroft: The earliest oriental civilization. Tehran: Organization of the Ministry of Culture ans Islamic Guidance.
^ People, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran", 10 Aug 2007 Архивирано 24 фебруар 2021 на са?ту Wayback Machine , retrieved 1 October 2007
^ Xinhua, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran" Архивирано 23 новембар 2016 на са?ту Wayback Machine , xinhuanet.com, 10 August 2007
^ McNeill 1999 , стр. 13?15.
^ Chakrabarti 2004 , стр. 11.
^ Baines & Malek 2000 , стр. 8.
^ Bard 2000 , стр. 64?65.
^ Lee 2002 , стр. 15?42.
^ Teeple 2006 , стр. 14?20.

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Спо?аш?е везе [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Радови везани за чланак Истори?а Новога века на Викизворнику

?Homo sapiens” . The Smithsonian Institutions's Human Origins Program . Smithsonian Institution . 8. 2. 2016. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 1. 2018. г . Приступ?ено 21. 5. 2017 .

[FOOTNOTETudge199830–31-1] Tudge 1998 , стр. 30?31.

[2] Muscarella, Oscar White (2013-01-01). ?Jiroft and 'Jiroft-Aratta': A Review Article of Yousef Madjidzadeh, Jiroft: The Earliest Oriental Civilization”. Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East . BRILL. стр. 485 ?522. ISBN 978-90-04-23669-1 . doi : 10.1163/9789004236691_016 .

[3] Muscarella, Oscar White. (2013). Archaeology, artifacts and antiquities of the ancient Near East : sites, cultures, and proveniences . Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-23669-1 . OCLC 848917597 .

[4] Ma??dz?da, Y. (2003). Jiroft: The earliest oriental civilization. Tehran: Organization of the Ministry of Culture ans Islamic Guidance.

[people.cn-5] People, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran", 10 Aug 2007 Архивирано 24 фебруар 2021 на са?ту Wayback Machine , retrieved 1 October 2007

[xinhuaciv-6] Xinhua, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran" Архивирано 23 новембар 2016 на са?ту Wayback Machine , xinhuanet.com, 10 August 2007

[FOOTNOTEMcNeill199913–15-7] McNeill 1999 , стр. 13?15.

[FOOTNOTEChakrabarti200411-8] Chakrabarti 2004 , стр. 11.

[FOOTNOTEBainesMalek20008-9] Baines & Malek 2000 , стр. 8.

[FOOTNOTEBard200064–65-10] Bard 2000 , стр. 64?65.

[FOOTNOTELee200215–42-11] Lee 2002 , стр. 15?42.

[FOOTNOTETeeple200614–20-12] Teeple 2006 , стр. 14?20.

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Нормативна контрола
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