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Sonda
Surveyor 3
na povrchu Mesiaca
Mesa?na
, alebo
lunarna sonda
je
kozmicka sonda
, ktorej ulohou je prieskum
Mesiaca
alebo jeho blizkeho okolia. Tento vyskum mo?e by? vykonavany kratkodobo po?as blizkeho preletu okolo Mesiaca, pripadne dlhodobej?ie z jeho
obe?nej drahy
, alebo priamo z jeho povrchu.
Ke??e Mesiac je na?e najbli??ie vesmirne teleso, bol prvym a naj?astej?im cie?om kozmickych sond v po?iatkoch
kozmonautiky
. Mnoho prvych pokusov v?ak ani nedosiahlo Mesiac vinou zlyhania
rakiet
, ktore tieto sondy vyna?ali. Rane sondy ur?ene na jeho prieskum boli zva??a ve?mi jednoduche a ?asto sa potykali s mno?stvom technologickych problemov, pomerne rychlo sa v?ak vyvijali a stavali sa stale viac komplexnej?imi. Aj mimo pilotovanych kozmickych vyprav (
program Apollo
) nam poskytli (a poskytuju) o Mesiaci enormne mno?stvo informacii.
Zoznam vypustenych mesa?nych sond
[
upravi?
|
upravi? zdroj
]
- Poznamky
- V zozname su uvedene v?etky zname pokusy o vypustenie mesa?nych sond, vratane neuspe?nych. Nie su tu uvedene kozmicke sondy a
umele dru?ice
, ktore sice okolo Mesiaca preleteli (kvoli gravita?nej asistencii pri uprave drahy, pripadne inym dovodom), ale neboli zamerane na jeho vyskum.
- V st?pci ?COSPAR“ je uvedene medzinarodne ozna?enie
umeleho kozmickeho telesa
, pokia? sa dostalo aspo? na
obe?nu drahu
okolo
Zeme
.
- V st?pci ?Vysledok“ je kodom vyjadrena dosiahnuta miera realizacie planovanych cie?ov:
H
- ?iadny z cie?ov misie nebol dosiahnuty pre havariu nosnej rakety;
N
- ?iadny, alebo takmer ?iadny z cie?ov misie nebol splneny pre zlyhanie sondy po?as translunarneho letu, pre chybnu drahu, alebo pre neuspe?ne pristatie;
C
- ciele misie boli splnene iba ?iasto?ne; -
U
- v?etky, alebo aspo? hlavne ciele misie boli splnene (ozna?enia COSPAR a nazvy tychto misii su pre va??iu preh?adnos? ozna?ene aj hrubym pismom);
*
- misia dosia? prebieha, pripadne hodnotenie uspe?nosti nie je mo?ne.
COSPAR
|
Nazov
|
Datum ?tartu
|
?tat
|
Kozmodrom
|
Hlavne ciele letu
|
Vysledok
|
|
Pioneer 0
|
17. august
1958
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
H
|
|
Luna E-1 No.1
|
23. september
1958
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
H
|
1958-007A
|
Pioneer 1
|
11. oktober
1958
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
N
|
|
Luna E-1 No.2
|
12. oktober
1958
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
H
|
|
Pioneer 2
|
8. november
1958
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
H
|
|
Luna E-1 No.3
|
4. december
1958
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
H
|
1958-008A
|
Pioneer 3
|
6. december
1958
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
prelet
|
N
|
1959-012A
|
Luna 1
|
4. januar
1959
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
C
|
|
Luna E-1A No.1
|
18. jun
1959
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
H
|
1959-013A
|
Pioneer 4
|
4. marec
1959
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
prelet
|
C
|
1959-014A
|
Luna 2
|
14. september
1959
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
dopad
|
U
|
1959-008A
|
Luna 3
|
4. oktober
1959
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet, snimkovanie odvratenej strany Mesiaca
|
U
|
|
Pioneer P-3
|
26. november
1959
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
H
|
|
Luna E-3 No.1
|
15. april
1960
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet
|
H
|
|
Luna E-3 No.2
|
16. april
1960
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet
|
H
|
|
Pioneer P-30
|
25. september
1960
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
H
|
|
Pioneer P-31
|
15. december
1960
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
H
|
1962-001A
|
Ranger 3
|
28. januar
1962
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
N
|
1962-012A
|
Ranger 4
|
23. april
1962
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
C
|
1962-055A
|
Ranger 5
|
18. oktober
1962
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
N
|
1963-001A
|
Sputnik 25
|
4. januar
1963
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
|
Luna E-6 No.3
|
2. februar
1963
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
H
|
1963-008A
|
Luna 4
|
2. april
1963
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1964-007A
|
Ranger 6
|
30. januar
1964
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
C
|
|
Luna E-6 No.5
|
21. marec
1964
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
H
|
|
Luna E-6 No.6
|
20. april
1964
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
H
|
1964-071A
|
Ranger 7
|
28. jul
1964
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
U
|
1965-010A
|
Ranger 8
|
17. februar
1965
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
U
|
1965-018A
|
Kosmos 60
|
12. marec
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1965-023A
|
Ranger 9
|
21. marec
1965
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad a snimkovanie
|
U
|
|
Luna E-6 No.8
|
10. april
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
H
|
1965-036A
|
Luna 5
|
9. maj
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1965-044A
|
Luna 6
|
8. jun
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1965-056A
|
Zond 3
|
18. jul
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet, snimkovanie
|
U
|
1965-077A
|
Luna 7
|
4. oktober
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1965-099A
|
Luna 8
|
3. december
1965
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1966-006A
|
Luna 9
|
31. januar
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
U
|
1966-017A
|
Kosmos 111
|
1. marec
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
N
|
1966-027A
|
Luna 10
|
31. marec
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
|
Luna 1966A
|
30. april
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
H
|
1966-045A
|
Surveyor 1
|
30. maj
1966
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|
1966-058A
|
Explorer 33
|
1. jul
1966
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
C
|
1966-073A
|
Lunar Orbiter 1
|
10. august
1966
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1966-078A
|
Luna 11
|
24. august
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1966-084A
|
Surveyor 2
|
20. september
1966
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1966-094A
|
Luna 12
|
22. oktober
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1966-100A
|
Lunar Orbiter 2
|
6. november
1966
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1966-116A
|
Luna 13
|
21. december
1966
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
U
|
1967-008A
|
Lunar Orbiter 3
|
5. februar
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1967-035A
|
Surveyor 3
|
17. april
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|
1967-041A
|
Lunar Orbiter 4
|
4. maj
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1967-070A
|
Explorer 35
|
19. jul
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1967-068A
|
Surveyor 4
|
14. jul
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
N
|
1967-075A
|
Lunar Orbiter 5
|
1. august
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1967-084A
|
Surveyor 5
|
8. september
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|
|
Zond 1967A
|
27. september
1967
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet
|
H
|
1967-112A
|
Surveyor 6
|
7. november
1967
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|
|
Zond 1967B
|
22. november
1967
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
prelet
|
H
|
1968-001A
|
Surveyor 7
|
7. januar
1968
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|
|
Luna E-6LS No.112
|
7. februar
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie
|
H
|
1968-013A
|
Zond 4
|
2. marec
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet, navrat na Zem
|
C
|
1968-027A
|
Luna 14
|
7. april
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
|
Zond 1968A
|
23. april
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet
|
H
|
1968-076A
|
Zond 5
|
14. september
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet, biologicke experimenty, navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1968-101A
|
Zond 6
|
10. november
1968
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet, biologicke experimenty, navrat na Zem
|
C
|
|
Zond 1969A
|
20. januar
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet
|
H
|
|
Luna 1969A
|
19. februar
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, vozidlo
Lunochod
|
H
|
|
Zond L1S-1
|
21. februar
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter, navrat na Zem
|
H
|
|
Luna 1969B
|
15. april
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
H
|
|
Luna 1969C
|
14. jun
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
H
|
|
Zond L1S-2
|
3. jul
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
H
|
1969-058A
|
Luna 15
|
13. jul
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
N
|
1969-067A
|
Zond 7
|
7. august
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet, navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1969-080A
|
Kosmos 300
|
23. september
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
N
|
1969-092A
|
Kosmos 305
|
22. oktober
1969
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
N
|
|
Luna 1970A
|
6. februar
1970
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
H
|
|
Luna 1970B
|
19. februar
1970
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
H
|
1970-072A
|
Luna 16
|
12. september
1970
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1970-088A
|
Zond 8
|
20. oktober
1970
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
oblet, navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1970-095A
|
Luna 17
|
10. november
1970
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, roboticke vozidlo
Lunochod
|
U
|
1971-063D
|
PFS
|
16. jul
1971
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter (subsatelit pilotovaneho letu
Apollo 15
)
|
U
|
1971-073A
|
Luna 18
|
2. september
1971
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
N
|
1971-082A
|
Luna 19
|
28. september
1971
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1972-007A
|
Luna 20
|
14. februar
1972
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1972-031D
|
Apollo 16 - subsatellite
|
16. april
1971
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter (subsatelit pilotovaneho letu
Apollo 16
)
|
U
|
|
Sojuz L3
|
23. november
1972
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter, navrat na Zem
|
H
|
1973-001A
|
Luna 21
|
8. januar
1973
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, roboticke vozidlo
Lunochod
|
U
|
1973-039A
|
Explorer 49
|
10. jun
1973
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1974-037A
|
Luna 22
|
29. maj
1974
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1974-084A
|
Luna 23
|
6. november
1974
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
C
|
|
Luna 1975A
|
16. oktober
1975
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
H
|
1976-081A
|
Luna 24
|
9. august
1976
|
ZSSR
|
Bajkonur
|
pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
U
|
1990-007A
|
Hiten
|
24. januar
1990
|
Japonsko
|
Kago?ima
|
prelety, neskor navedenie na orbitu
|
U
|
1990-007B
|
Hagoromo
|
24. januar
1990
|
Japonsko
|
Kago?ima
|
subsatelit Hitenu, orbiter
|
C
|
1994-004A
|
Clementine
|
25. januar
1994
|
USA
|
Vandenberg Air Force Base
|
orbiter
|
U
|
1998-001A
|
Lunar Prospector
|
7. januar
1998
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2003-043C
|
SMART-1
|
27. september
2003
|
ESA
|
Kourou
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2007-039A
|
Kaguya
|
14. september
2007
|
Japonsko
|
Tanega?ima
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2007-039B
|
Okina
|
14. september
2007
|
Japonsko
|
Tanega?ima
|
subsatelit Kaguye, orbiter
|
U
|
2007-039C
|
Ouna
|
14. september
2007
|
Japonsko
|
Tanega?ima
|
subsatelit Kaguye, orbiter
|
U
|
2007-051A
|
?chang-e 1
|
24. oktober
2007
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2008-052A
|
?andrajan-1
, MIP
|
22. oktober
2008
|
India
|
?riharikota
|
orbiter, dopad subsatelitu
|
U
|
2009-031A
|
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
|
18. jun
2009
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U*
|
2009-031B
|
LCROSS
|
18. jun
2009
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
dopad
|
U
|
2010-050A
|
?chang-e 2
|
1. oktober
2010
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2007-004B
|
ARTEMIS P1
|
17. februar
2007
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2007-004C
|
ARTEMIS P2
|
17. februar
2007
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2011-046A
|
GRAIL-A
|
10. september
2011
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2011-046B
|
GRAIL-B
|
10. september
2011
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2013-047A
|
LADEE
|
7. september
2013
|
USA
|
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2013-070A
|
?chang-e 3
|
1. december
2013
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
pristatie, roboticke vozidlo
|
U
|
2014-065A
|
?chang-e 5T1
|
23. oktober
2014
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
oblet, navrat na Zem
|
U
|
2018-045A
|
?chue-?chiao
|
20. maj
2018
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
orbiter, retlansa?na sonda pre potreby pristatia na odvratenej strane
|
U*
|
2018-045B
|
Lung-?iang 1
|
20. maj
2018
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
orbiter
|
N
|
2018-045C
|
Lung-?iang 2
|
20. maj
2018
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
orbiter
|
U
|
2018-103A
|
?chang-e 4
|
7. december
2018
|
?ina
|
Si-?chang
|
pristatie na odvratenej strane, roboticke vozidlo
|
U
|
2019-009B
|
Be-re?it
|
22. februar
2019
|
Izrael
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
N
|
2019-042A
|
?andrajan-2
, Vikram
|
22. jul
2019
|
India
|
?riharikota
|
orbiter, pristatie
|
C
|
2020-087A
|
?chang-e 5
|
23. november
2020
|
?ina
|
Wen-?chang
|
orbiter, pristatie, odber mesa?nych vzoriek a navrat na Zem
|
U
|
2022-070A
|
CAPSTONE
|
28. jun
2022
|
USA
|
Mahia
|
orbiter
|
U*
|
2022-094A
|
Danuri
|
4. august
2022
|
Ju?na Korea
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter
|
U*
|
2022-156A
|
Artemis I
|
16. november
2022
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
orbiter, navrat na Zem
|
U
|
2022-168A
|
Hakuto-R M1
|
11. december
2022
|
Japonsko
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
N
|
2023-098A
|
?andrajan-3
|
14. jul
2023
|
India
|
?riharikota
|
orbiter, pristatie
|
U
|
2023-118A
|
Luna 25
|
10. august
2023
|
Rusko
|
Vosto?nyj
|
pristatie
|
N
|
2023-137D
|
SLIM
|
6. september
2023
|
Japonsko
|
Tanega?ima
|
pristatie
|
U*
|
2024-006A
|
Peregrine Mission One
|
8. januar
2024
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
N
|
2024-030A
|
IM-1
|
15. februar
2024
|
USA
|
Cape Canaveral
|
pristatie
|
U
|