This article is about the European country. For the U.S. state, see
Georgia (U.S. state)
. For other meanings of "Georgia", see
Georgia
.
42°00′N
43°30′E
/
42.000°N 43.500°E
/
42.000; 43.500
Georgia
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|
Motto:
???? ?????????
Dzala ertobashia
"Strength is in Unity"
|
Anthem:
???????????
Tavisupleba
"Freedom"
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|
Capital
and largest city
| Tbilisi
41°43′N
44°47′E
/
41.717°N 44.783°E
/
41.717; 44.783
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Official languages
| Georgian
(nationwide)
Abkhaz
(
Abkhazian AR
)
[1]
[2]
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Ethnic groups
| |
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Religion
(2014)
| |
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Demonym(s)
| Georgian
|
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Government
| Unitary
parliamentary republic
|
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|
| Salome Zourabichvili
|
---|
| Irakli Kobakhidze
|
---|
| Shalva Papuashvili
|
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|
Legislature
| Parliament
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|
|
| 13th c. BC ? 580 AD
|
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| 786?1008
|
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| 1008
|
---|
| 1463?1810
|
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| 12 September 1801
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| 26 May 1918
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| 25 February 1921
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?
Independence from
the Soviet Union
• Declared
• Finalized
|
9 April 1991
25 December 1991
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| 24 August 1995
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|
|
? Total
| 69,700 km
2
(26,900 sq mi) (
119th
)
|
---|
|
? 2022 estimate
| 3,688,647
[a]
[4]
4,012,104
[b]
(
128th
)
|
---|
? 2014 census
| 3,713,804
[a]
[5]
|
---|
? Density
| 57.6/km
2
(149.2/sq mi) (
137th
)
|
---|
GDP
(
PPP
)
| 2021 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $61.58 billion
[a]
[6]
(
110th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $16,590
[a]
[6]
(
83rd
)
|
---|
GDP
(nominal)
| 2021 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $17.85 billion
[a]
[6]
(
124th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $4,808
[a]
[6]
(
125th
)
|
---|
Gini
(2020)
| 34.5
[a]
[7]
medium
|
---|
HDI
(2019)
| 0.812
[a]
[8]
very high
·
61st
|
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Currency
| Georgian lari
(?) (
GEL
)
|
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Time zone
| UTC
+4
(
Georgia Time
GET)
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Date format
| dd.mm.yyyy
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Driving side
| right
|
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Calling code
| +995
|
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ISO 3166 code
| GE
|
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Internet TLD
| .ge
,
.??
|
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|
|
Georgia
is a country in the
Caucasus
region of
West Asia
and
Eastern Europe
. It is situated on the coast of the
Black Sea
and borders
Russia
to the north,
Turkey
and
Armenia
to the south, and
Azerbaijan
to the southeast. It is largely encircled by the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountain ranges. During 1918?1921, and 1991?1995 its full name was the
Republic of Georgia
. Since 1995 it is Georgia, as written in the Constitution. It was part of the Russian Empire and later Soviet Union between 1921 and 1991, but now it is an
independent
republic. The capital city is
Tbilisi
. Almost 4 million people live there.
The Georgians are an ancient people. Their capital Tbilisi was founded around AD 400, by the king Vakhtang I of
Iberia
. Western Georgia was part of the
Roman Empire
before then. The
Arabs
captured it in 635 AD. The culture continued and flourished through trade.
In the 900s Arab influence diminished in
Caucasus
. In 1008
Kingdom of Georgia
was formed. It was the major country in the region until the
Mongol Empire
invaded it in 1223. Georgia was part of the Mongol Empire for a century on and off until 1334, when King Giorgi V took over. In the 1400s Georgia dissolved into several principalities. In the 1500s the Persians invaded Eastern Georgia four times from 1541 to 1544. In 1555 the Kings of Kartli ruled through the will of the
Persian
Shahs.
In 1783 The treaty of Georgievsk was signed between
Catherine the Great
of Russia and King Heraclius II, giving Russia the power to protect Georgia. Then, in 1798 the Persians burned Tbilisi to the ground.
From 1811 to 1918 Georgia was under the Tsar of Russia. Their culture survived intact. From 1918 to 1921 Georgia was independent, and then was part of the
Soviet Union
.
In 1991 most people from Georgia
voted to be a free nation
again, and Georgia declared their independence from the Soviet Union. Newly established
Republic of Georgia
saw bloody
Civil War
resulting in downfall of first-ever president of Georgia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia
. Georgia was also involved in
War in Abkhazia
. There was a rough patch between 1994 and 1995 when the economy was poor, although Georgia saw significant improvements in last few years. Now Georgia is applying to
NATO
and
European Union
.
In 2008 Georgia was involved in the
2008 South Ossetia war
.
Georgia is next to the countries of Russia,
Turkey
,
Armenia
and
Azerbaijan
. It also has a
coast
on the Black Sea. It is at the edge of Europe and Asia.
Georgia has many mountains. Its highest point is 5,193 m above sea level. The mountains running through Georgia are called the
Caucasus Mountains
.
The highest mountain in Georgia is
Mount Shkhara
at 5,193 m. The coastline of Georgia is 310 km long. Georgia has about 25,000 rivers. The largest river is the
Mtkvari
.
Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city, and 2 autonomous republics. These in turn are divided into 67
districts
and 12 self-governing cities.
[10]
The region of
Abkhazia
declared independence in 1999.
[11]
South Ossetia
is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region. Georgia considers both regions as occupied by Russia.
[12]
Region
|
Centre
|
Area (km
2
)
|
Population
[5]
|
Density
|
Abkhazia
|
Sokhumi
|
8,660
|
242,862
est
|
28.04
|
Adjara
|
Batumi
|
2,880
|
333,953
|
115.95
|
Guria
|
Ozurgeti
|
2,033
|
113,350
|
55.75
|
Imereti
|
Kutaisi
|
6,475
|
533,906
|
82.45
|
Kakheti
|
Telavi
|
11,311
|
318,583
|
28.16
|
Kvemo Kartli
|
Rustavi
|
6,072
|
423,986
|
69.82
|
Mtskheta-Mtianeti
|
Mtskheta
|
6,786
|
94,573
|
13.93
|
Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
|
Ambrolauri
|
4,990
|
32,089
|
6.43
|
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
|
Zugdidi
|
7,440
|
330,761
|
44.45
|
Samtskhe-Javakheti
|
Akhaltsikhe
|
6,413
|
160,504
|
25.02
|
Shida Kartli
|
Gori
|
5,729
|
300,382
est
|
52.43
|
Tbilisi
|
Tbilisi
|
720
|
1,108,717
|
1,539.88
|
About 4 million people live in Georgia. About 1.2 million live in Tbilisi. People from Georgia are called
Georgians
. Most of them speak
Georgian
as their first language, though some people also speak
Azerbaijani
,
Armenian
, Russian or other languages.
Georgians use three alphabets/scripts,
Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli
, with Asomtavruli being the very first Georgian Script, which was said to be invented by
King Pharnavaz I of Iberia
The most famous person to have come from Georgia is
Josef Stalin
.
Most Georgians are Christians, but there are some
Muslims
and Jews as well.
The currency of Georgia is called the
lari
.
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Countries
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Dependencies
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Other Countries
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1.
Transcontinental country
/territory that is part of both Europe and Asia. 2. Territory or with territory geographically part of North America. 3. Partially recognized. 4. Not all dependent territories are listed. 5. Territory has some form of self-rule. 6. Territory or with territory geographically part of Africa.
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International
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National
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Geographic
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Academics
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People
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Other
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