1583 ( MDLXXXIII ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar  and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar , the 1583rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 583rd year of the 2nd millennium , the 83rd year of the 16th century , and the 4th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1583, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events [ change | change source ]

• Newfoundland claimed by England .
• University of Edinburgh started.

Births [ change | change source ]

• January 8 – Simon Episcopius , Dutch theologian (d. 1643 )
• March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury , English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648 )
• April 10 – Hugo Grotius , Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645 )
• June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna , Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654 )
• June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie , Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652 )
• July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen , German soldier (d. 1636 )
• September – Girolamo Frescobaldi , Italian composer (d. 1643 )
• September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein , Austrian general (d. 1634 )
• November 24 – Juan Martinez de Jauregui y Aguilar , Spanish poet (d. 1641 )
• December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey , English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642 )
• December 25 – Orlando Gibbons , English composer (d. 1625 )
• date unknown
  • Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer , Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627 )
  • Johann Heinrich Alting , German divine (d. 1644 )
  • John Beaumont , English poet (d. 1627 )
  • Bonaventura Elzevir , Dutch printer (d. 1652 )
  • Stanisław Lubomirski , Polish nobleman (d. 1649 )
  • Philip Massinger , English dramatist (d. 1640 )
  • Hayashi Razan , Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657 )
• probable
  • Alexander Henderson , Scottish theologian (d. 1646 )
  • Nzinga , warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663 )
  • Aurelian Townshend , English poet (d. 1643 )

Deaths [ change | change source ]

• March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540 )
• April – Lucas David , Prussian historian (b. 1503 )
• May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus , German theologian (b. 1534 )
• June 6
  • Nakagawa Kiyohide , Japanese military commander (b. 1556 )
  • Shibata Katsutoyo , Japanese military commander (b. 1556 )
• June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex , Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525 )
• June – Oda Nobutaka , Japanese samurai (b. 1558 )
• July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa , Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
• July 6 – Edmund Grindal , Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519 )
• September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert , English explorer (born c. 1537 )
• September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon , queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526 )
• November 11 – Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond , Irish rebel
• November 24 – Rene de Birague , French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506 )
• December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov , Russian printer
• December 31 – Thomas Erastus , Swiss theologian (b. 1524 )
• date unknown
  • Shibata Katsuie , Japanese military commander (b. 1530 )
  • Andrei Kurbskii , Russian writer (b. 1528 )