??????? ?????
???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
???	15 ???????? 1564 ( 1564-02-15 ) [1] ???? , ????????? ?????? ????? , ??????
?????? ????	8 January 1642 (1642-01-08) (??? 77) [1] ??????? , ?????? ??? ?????? ????? , ??????
?????	?????? ??? ?????? ????? , ??????
?????????	?????????
???? ???????????	???? ????? ?????????? ( University of Pisa )
?????????? ?????	??????? ???????? ( Kinematics ) ??? ???????? ( Dynamics ) ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ( Telescopic observational astronomy ) ????????????????? ( Heliocentrism )
Scientific career
?????????	????? ???????? , ????? ???????? ?? ?????
????	???? ????? ?????????? ( University of Pisa ) ?????? ????? ?????????? ( University of Padua )
Academic advisors	????????? ???? ( Ostilio Ricci )
?????????? ??????????????	???????? ???????? ( Benedetto Castelli ) ?????? ???????? ( Mario Guiducci ) ???????????? ???????? ( Vincenzo Viviani )
?????
?????
????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ( Vincenzo Galilei ). ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ( Marina Gamba ) ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ( Maria Celeste ) ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????.

????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? , ???????? , ????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? / ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????. ????? ????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ? ??. ???????? “ ???? ????????? ???? ” “ ????????? ???? ” “ ???? ????? ????????? ???? ” ?? “ ???? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ” ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???. ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? , ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??. ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ???. ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???. ? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???.

??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? 4 ????, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????.

????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???. 1591 ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1610 ?????? ??? ????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????, ??????????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???.

1610 ?? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????. ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ????????? ??? ???? "???? ??????? ???????? ???????” ??? ???? 1612 ?? ???? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?? "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems", ????? 1623 ?? ????????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? 1632 ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????.

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