??????? ?????? ?????
????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??. ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??. ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.
?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? 15000 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? 14000 ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????.
???????? ???????? 1492 ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ? 1493 ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? 1497 ?? ?? ????????? (New England) ?????? ???? ?????? (John Cabot) ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? 1513 ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (Juan Ponce de Leon) ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?? ????.
?????? ???????? (Declaration of independence) ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1770 ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????. 1783 ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???. ????????? ?????? ?????, ???? 13 ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. 19 ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? "?????????? ??????" ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????. 1912 ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? 1959 ???.
??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? 1865 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? 1864 (1964) ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ???.
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ???? ??? ????????? (1929 ???????? 29) ??? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? (New Deal) ????? ?????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? 1980 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? - ???? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???. (Supply - side economics) ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???. ????????? 2001 ??????????? 11 ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???. ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????.???.???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ?????? ??????????? 11 ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ???. ???? ??????.???.???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???.
???? ????? ????????
[
????????
]
?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ?????, ???????, ?????????, ??????, ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????. 1493 ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????. 15 ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????, ??, ???? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?????? (????? ???????) ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????.
??????? ????? ?? ???? (1492 - ??? ?????? ??????)
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 400 ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????.
?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????. ??? 1493 ????????? 19 ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? 1513 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????.
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???, ???????? ????, ??? ????? (Great Canyon) ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????. 1540 ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ????????????? ? ??????? 2000 ? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? “????????” ????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????, ???????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ?? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? (Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, Panfilo de Narvaez, SebastianVizcaino, Juan Roddriguez Cabrillo, Gaspar de Portola, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristan de de Luna y Arellano and Juan de Onate) ????? ????.
565 ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
??????? ???????
???????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ??, ???? ?????????, ??????, ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ???. ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???.
?????? ?????? ????? ???? (1849 ? 1865)
[
????????
]
??????????? ??? - ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??. ??????? ?????: ?????? ???? ???????. (1849 ? 1865)
19 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ???, ???????, ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???. ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 1850 ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. 1854 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? - ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???. ???????? ??????? 1860 ?? ???????? ???????? ??? 1860 ??????? ?? 1861 ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? 1861 ???????? 8 ???? ??? (??????????? ???????? ??? ???????) ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????.
1860 ?? ??? ?????? 4 ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???. ?? ???????? 1790 ??? 8 ???????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? (1800) ?????????? ?????? (1822) ?? ???? ?????? (1831) ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? 1852 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (Uncle toms Cabin) ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? (Fugitive slave Act) ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? 300,000 ?? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? “???? ?? ???? ???” (Undergruond Railroad) ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? (Free State) ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????
????? ????, ??, ???, ???????, ????
[
????????
]
???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???. ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? 55000 ? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? (Second bull run ????? ) ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???. ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? 1862 ??????????? ?? 17 ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? (Battle of Antietam) ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.
1864 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? (Union) ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???.????????? ??? ????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ?????? (March to Sea ???) ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? 20% ? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. ???? ??? 1864 ???????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???. ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? 1865 ???????? 9 ??? ???? ????.
?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????
[
????????
]
(1865-1918)
?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????????????? (Reconstructions) ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? '????????????? ???????????' ????? ??? ???. ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?, ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???. 1875 ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? (Black codes) ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???. ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? - ??????? - ?????? ??? ???????? 1860 ???? ???? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???. ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ???? 1883 ?????????????? ??????? ????? 1875 ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????.
???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? '??? ??????' ???? ?????????. ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???. 1876 ?? ?????? ??? ???????? (Sioux) ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????.
????? ?????? 1902 ?? - 19 ?? ?????? ??????? ?? 20 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????
??? ???? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????????.
?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???.
?????? ??? ??????
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???? ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???. 1941 ????????? 7 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ????????? ??? ??????, ????????, ????????, ?????????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???.
?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? 1940 ???????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ???? 50 ?? ?? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? 1940 ?? ???????????? ??? ???? - ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ???.
????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? 1941 ???????? ?? 31 ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????. 1941 ????????? 7 ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ??? ????????????? ??.?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. 1941 ????????? 7 ???? ??????? ????? "?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????" ??????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? 4 ?? ??? ????????? 11 ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????.
???????? ????? ???????????? ???? "??????" ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????
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????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???. ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????, ????????, ?????, ??? ???, ?????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? (Blitzkrieg) ???? (??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????) ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? 10 ?? ??? ??????????? ???.
?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? 1942 ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? (Codes) ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??????? ???????????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? B ? 29 ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???.
???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 340 ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? 1944 ???? 19 ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? “??????? ????? ????” ?? ?????. ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? 430 ???? 369 ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????.??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 36 ?? ????? ????? 8 ? ?????????? ????.
??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???. ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???. 1945 ???????? 12 ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? 33 ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???. ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ??. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? 1945 ??????? 6 ??? ?????????? ???? ???. ??????? ??????? 9 ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????. 1945 ??????? 15 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???. ?????? ????? ???. ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???.
???????? ?????? ??????
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??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???. ????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???. ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? B ? 17 (?????? ????????) ???? ???????? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. P ? 51 ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???.
???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????, ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? “?????” ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???. 1943 ?? ??? ????????????? 8 ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. 1943 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ?
1944 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???. ??????? 1944 ???? 6 ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? “?????? ????” ?????? ??????????. (Operation overlord or D-day) ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? (Calais) ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? 5000 ??, ???? ???? 10000 ?? ????? ?????? 176000 ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???. ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???.
?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???. ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? (Battle of the Ardennes and Battle of the Bulge) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???. ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???.????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? 19000 ?? ????? ???. ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? (D ? day) ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?? ????? ????? 70% ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???. ??????? ???? ???? ???. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. 1945 ???????? 30 ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???. ????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???. ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????. 1945 ???? 8 ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???.
?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? 66% ?? ??????????? ???. .
???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????? 1945 ? 1964
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??????? ????? : ?????? ?????? ??????? (1945 ? 1964)
???? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????. 1945 ????????? 4 ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????. ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????. ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????, 1963 ???? 11
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?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????, ??????????, ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???.
???? ??? ????? 1960 ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???. ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? 1962 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????. 1963 ????????? 22 ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???.
?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???. 1960 ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???.
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ‘??? ???? ? ???????’ (?? ???????? ????) ????? ?????????.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States